Did you say Library Anxiety? - Part One :: Essays Papers

Did you say depository program library Anxiety? - Part OneMost people are familiar with the terms test anxiety, math anxiety, work anxiety, computer anxiety, or even social anxiety. But mention library anxiety and youll likely get a response similar to, subroutine library what? Library anxiety is not a well-known phenomenon, even among librarians. The bulk of research on library anxiety has concentrated on the problem as it applies to university students, just its not hard to imagine that it manifests itself in library patrons across the board. Where did this idea come from, how can librarians identify it, what steps can be interpreted to reduce it and what can the library community consume from it?Although it has been cited in the literature as far back as 1972 , the term library anxiety was starting time identified in 1986 by Constance A. Mellon. Virtually every article or study on the subject since then has typed Mellons work in this area. Her studies showed that most stude nts felt that other students knew more about library searching than they did and that to ask for help would be to reveal their stupidity. She also found that contact with reference librarians was more effective in alleviating library anxiety than the bibliographic instruction sessions conducted by their teachers.There are other names in the field such(prenominal) as Carol C. Kuhlthau, who found that students ability to process information from the aspects of mental, creative and physical locating operations is hampered by their feelings, thoughts, and actions. In 1992, Sharon L. Bostick devised a valid and dependable instrument to measure Mellons theory of library anxiety. The basis of her doctoral dissertation, she developed a 43 item, 5 point Likert-format test instrument that defines levels of library anxiety. Her instrument showed that it is possible to identify library anxiety and to measure it quantitatively. She identified five factors that contribute to library anxiety 1) A ffective Barriers 2) Mechanical Barriers 3) Comfort with the Library 4) Knowledge of the Library and 5) Barriers with staff. Affective barriers measures the feelings of adequacy when using the library. As we exit see, affective barriers come in to play with all of the other factors, each of which will be described in greater detail. Mechanical Barriers The ability to locate and use library equipment is hampered by the physical barriers libraries present. Students search for copy machines and upon locating them they learn that they need specific change to use them, or must purchase a copy card.

The Comfort of Strangers by Ian McEwan :: English Literature

Review of The comfort of strangers by Ian McEwan==================================================This is a very interesting book by McEwan as well as being ratherconfusing. The name the comfort of strangers fits the storylineperfectly.This is a very mysterious book in which the two of the main characters Carolean and Roger are slowly tightening the noose on the necks of theother two main characters Mary and Colin.I think the book fits into the mystery genre as far as the writing ofthe author goes and I found that some parts of the book reminded me ofEnduring Love. The way that that Colin and Mary blindly repay involvedwith Roger shows one of many weaknesses in the novel. Rogers shadycharacter and his weird story about how his father was very strict andhow his jealous sisters do him eat chocolate so that he would getinto trouble with his father along with other things should have keptMary and Colin away. Stories like this one, which require the reviewerto suspend disbelief as the a ctors venture further and further intothe abyss are extremely hard to pull off, so its not surprising thatMcEwan doesnt kind of manage it. An author can get away with making hischaracters naive, but at the point where the reader is yelling at themand calling them idiots for following along with the novels plot,that author has lost control of his own narrative. A big complaintthat reviewers have had with this novel or rather this short storyis that the author full treatment around taboo issues meaning he may talk aboutthem for a moment or two and then ignores them. Another problem which think onto this is that many times the author builds up the story assomething really dramatic is going to happen and then nothing out ofthe ordinary happens for compositors case when Mary jumps in the water youwould think that one of them may drown but it turns out to besomething just ordinary. I think this has a prohibit effect on thereader as well as the fact that sometimes the reader is left to fillin the gaps themselves when we are not accustomed enough detail on thecharacters or the storyline. There is no real solution at the end ofthe novel. Another problem with the novel is how Mary and Colins sexlives suddenly become great again after meeting Caroline and Roger.Another similar instance is when Roger punches Colin in the stomachfor NO reason. The telescope of the novel, which is Venice, is notreally used well by

Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse Essay examples -- Sex Crimes

In every 45 seconds, someone is internally violated in the unify States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral procedure of any humans life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that a woman has the pay to freely pre-determine her sexuality without oppression and discrimination (Burn, 2004). Traditionally, women throughout history and culture have undertaken the role of independent, non-heterosexual, women-connected existence. Lesbianism according to ancient literature review has always existed. The suffice has always been unacceptable and deviant. Lesbians are subjected to rape more often than other women. Worldwide, lesbians are subjected to verbal and physical abuse.In most cultures, lesbianism occurs prior to heterosexual marriages. These facts were self-collected by Faderman in 1981. Female-female romantic relationships were found in European communities since the 17th century through the early 20th century after studying the prevarication and poetry written during this period (Burn, 2004). Today, many societies view bisexuality and homosexuality as a sickness. The societies deny their existence entirely. However, biologists and psychologists believe that both are immaculate instances of many human variations. After successful lobbying by gay and lesbian political organizations in 1974, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) eliminated homosexuality from its list of affable disorder. The APA now takes the position that homos... ...(2010). External Barriers to Help-Seeking Encountered by Canadian cheery and Lesbian Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse An Application of the Barriers Model. emphasis and Victims, Vol. 25(4), 536-55 2.Pinto, S. (2012). Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Abuse. CINHAL Nursing Guide. 1-2.Renzetti, C. M. (1996). The Poverty of Services for Battered Lesbians. Journal of gay and Lesbian Social Services, Vol. 4, pp 61-68.Tigert, L. M. (2001). The Power of Shame Lesbian Battering as a Manifestation of Homophobia. Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, pp 73-85.Walters, M. L. (2011). Straighten up and Act Like a Lady A Qualitative Study of Lesbian Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Service. Vol. 23, pp 250-270.West, C. M. (2002). Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence and Dynamics. Journal of Lesbian Studies, Vol. 6(1), pp 121-127.

Stem Cells Should Not Be Used Therapeutically Essay -- Science Health

Stem Cells Should Not Be Used TherapeuticallyA ancestor carrell is a cell in the body that can differentiate into almost any other type of cell in the body. Stem cells come from sites in the bone marrow, as sound as the tissues of developing fetuses. The most controversial issue in stem cell therapy is the use of fetuses for their stem cells. Scientists want to clone human embryos, and use the stem cells long before the embryo matures (when it is only about 36 cells). This causes a large amount of unease in society, because people fear that stem cells and remedial cloning will lead us into disgusting and horrible experimental practices, as well as therapies. Most people in America do not want this horrible vision of the future to come true, so they want all stem cell technology and research banned. People do not want horrible freaks of nature running around, so they want to completely ban stem cell research. There are many stories environ the research being done with stem cells. In his article Who but a Fiend Would Cross Pigs With Men?, Ian Hunter shows his discontent for the stem cell research methods (Hunter, 2002). He covers a procedure where doctors implanted the stem cells of a human into the egg cells of a pig, and they started to divide within the pig. The scientists terminated the embryos before they could ascend very large, but this study is way over the line. For no reason should we try to defy the course of nature beyond what is necessary to aid humankind survival, such as using antibiotics, and other remedies, but we should not try to create men from animals. His is one reason why stem cells should be at least regulated if not banned. Experiments like this if unchecked could lead to horrible creations from... ...be a group against the use of fetuses, cloned or not. The ethical issues behind the method in which stem cells are obtained out weigh the benefits of stem cell therapy. We should not try to play God, in the aspect of creation of livi ng beings just to be sacrificed for the betterment of mankind. Many egregious acts have been committed under the guise of the greater good. This is one instance in which the ends do not justify the means.References1.How Far to Go? (2003, January 4). The Economist. p 11.2.Hunter, I. (2002, November). Who but a fiend would cross pigs with men? Report/ Newsmagazine, Vol. 29, issue 22, p 24.3.Spotts, P. N. (1998, November 6). Embryo- Based Research Advances and Argument. Christian Science Monitor, Vol. 90, issue 241, p. 3. 4. Science and Fiction. (2002, February 22). The Commonweal. Vol.129, issue 4 p. 7

Admiral Grace Murray Hopper and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace Essay

Ada & blow up Practical VisionariesImagine a computer programmer who withal programs in bits and bytes and has never heard of the terms bug or de-bugging. Then, stretch your mind much(prenominal) further, and try to imagine a world without computers. almost of us, no matter what age, dont look at such powerful imaginations. But without the contributions of women like Admiral lard Murray Hopper, who essential the setoff compiler, and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace, who do the idea of an Analytical Engine accessible to a world without computers, our most advanced computing cheat for general use would very likely still be a simple calculator.Lovelace and Hopper are by no means the only women who have made invaluable contributions to the field of computer science. Without Betty Holberton, who devised the first sort-merge generator, for UNIVAC I (AWC, Frances...), Grace Hopper would never have been able to design the first compiler. A much contemporary scientist, Dr. Anita Bo rg, has profoundly influenced the field by innovation and building a fault tolerant UNIX-based operating system ( piteous Biography of Anita Borg), as puff up as developing a performance epitome method for high-speed memory systems. However, Ive chosen to focus on Lovelace and Hopper because they are probably the most frequently mentioned women in computer science, and they represent both critical historical moments in the field Lovelace helps to bring the first computer into being, while Hopper forges the fount of the modern computer age.A researcher tone into women and computer science will find Adas and Graces names scattered all over the place. Lovelace has a program language named after her (Ada), the Association for Women in reckoning offer the ... ...//www.ex.ac.uk/BABBAGE/ada.html (11 March 2000).AWSEM - Associate of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics. Facts in Brief. AWSEM Gender Equity. http//www.awsem.org (2 Feb. 2000).Danis, Sharron Ann. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper. 2 Feb. 1997. http//ei.cs.vt.edu/history/Hopper.Danis.html (17 March 2000).GirlTECH. Introduction. Getting Girls enkindle in Computers. 1998. http//math.rice.edu/lanius/club/girls.html (7 Feb. 2000).Grace Murray Hopper 1906-1992. A Science Odyssey People and Discoveries (PBS). 1998. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btmurr.html (17 March 2000).Short Biography of Anita Borg. Institute for Women and Technology. http//www.iwt.org/trubio.html (20 March 2000).Toole, Betty Alexander. Ada, The Enchantress of number Prophet of the Computer Age. Mill Valley CA Strawberry Press, 1998. Admiral Grace Murray Hopper and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace EssayAda & Grace Practical VisionariesImagine a computer programmer who still programs in bits and bytes and has never heard of the terms bug or de-bugging. Then, stretch your mind much further, and try to imagine a world without computers. Most of us, no matter what age, dont have such powerful imagin ations. But without the contributions of women like Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, who developed the first compiler, and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace, who made the idea of an Analytical Engine accessible to a world without computers, our most advanced computing device for general use would very likely still be a simple calculator.Lovelace and Hopper are by no means the only women who have made invaluable contributions to the field of computer science. Without Betty Holberton, who devised the first sort-merge generator, for UNIVAC I (AWC, Frances...), Grace Hopper would never have been able to design the first compiler. A more contemporary scientist, Dr. Anita Borg, has profoundly influenced the field by designing and building a fault tolerant UNIX-based operating system (Short Biography of Anita Borg), as well as developing a performance analysis method for high-speed memory systems. However, Ive chosen to focus on Lovelace and Hopper because they are probably the most frequently m entioned women in computer science, and they represent two critical historical moments in the field Lovelace helps to bring the first computer into being, while Hopper forges the start of the modern computer age.A researcher looking into women and computer science will find Adas and Graces names scattered all over the place. Lovelace has a programming language named after her (Ada), the Association for Women in Computing offer the ... ...//www.ex.ac.uk/BABBAGE/ada.html (11 March 2000).AWSEM - Associate of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics. Facts in Brief. AWSEM Gender Equity. http//www.awsem.org (2 Feb. 2000).Danis, Sharron Ann. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper. 2 Feb. 1997. http//ei.cs.vt.edu/history/Hopper.Danis.html (17 March 2000).GirlTECH. Introduction. Getting Girls Interested in Computers. 1998. http//math.rice.edu/lanius/club/girls.html (7 Feb. 2000).Grace Murray Hopper 1906-1992. A Science Odyssey People and Discoveries (PBS). 1998. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/d atabank/entries/btmurr.html (17 March 2000).Short Biography of Anita Borg. Institute for Women and Technology. http//www.iwt.org/trubio.html (20 March 2000).Toole, Betty Alexander. Ada, The Enchantress of Numbers Prophet of the Computer Age. Mill Valley CA Strawberry Press, 1998.

Admiral Grace Murray Hopper and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace Essay

adenosine deaminase & pardon Practical VisionariesImagine a calculating machine programmer who still programs in bits and bytes and has neer hear of the terms bug or de-bugging. Then, stretch your mind much further, and try to imagine a valet de chambre without computing machines. Most of us, no matter what age, dont have such(prenominal) powerful imaginations. But without the contributions of women like Admiral Grace Murray grasshopper, who developed the first compiler, and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace, who made the idea of an Analytical Engine get-at-able to a world without computers, our most advanced computing device for general use would very in all likelihood still be a simple calculator.Lovelace and Hopper are by no means the only women who have made invaluable contributions to the eye socket of computer science. Without Betty Holberton, who devised the first sort-merge generator, for UNIVAC I (AWC, Frances...), Grace Hopper would never have been able to design the first compiler. A more contemporary scientist, Dr. Anita Borg, has profoundly influenced the field by designing and building a fault broad UNIX-based operating system (Short Biography of Anita Borg), as well as developing a accomplishment analysis method for high-speed memory systems. However, Ive elect to focus on Lovelace and Hopper because they are probably the most frequently mentioned women in computer science, and they make for two critical historical moments in the field Lovelace helps to bring the first computer into being, while Hopper forges the start of the modern computer age.A research worker looking into women and computer science will pass Adas and Graces names scattered all over the place. Lovelace has a programming language named after her (Ada), the Association for Women in Computing offer the ... ...//www.ex.ac.uk/BABBAGE/ada.html (11 March 2000).AWSEM - Associate of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics. Facts in Brief. AWSEM Gender Equity. http//w ww.awsem.org (2 Feb. 2000).Danis, Sharron Ann. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper. 2 Feb. 1997. http//ei.cs.vt.edu/history/Hopper.Danis.html (17 March 2000).GirlTECH. Introduction. getting Girls Interested in Computers. 1998. http//math.rice.edu/lanius/club/girls.html (7 Feb. 2000).Grace Murray Hopper 1906-1992. A Science Odyssey People and Discoveries (PBS). 1998. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btmurr.html (17 March 2000).Short Biography of Anita Borg. Institute for Women and Technology. http//www.iwt.org/trubio.html (20 March 2000).Toole, Betty Alexander. Ada, The siren of Numbers Prophet of the Computer Age. Mill valley CA Strawberry Press, 1998. Admiral Grace Murray Hopper and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace EssayAda & Grace Practical VisionariesImagine a computer programmer who still programs in bits and bytes and has never heard of the terms bug or de-bugging. Then, stretch your mind much further, and try to imagine a world without computers. Most of us, no matter what age, dont have such powerful imaginations. But without the contributions of women like Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, who developed the first compiler, and Lady Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace, who made the idea of an Analytical Engine accessible to a world without computers, our most advanced computing device for general use would very likely still be a simple calculator.Lovelace and Hopper are by no means the only women who have made invaluable contributions to the field of computer science. Without Betty Holberton, who devised the first sort-merge generator, for UNIVAC I (AWC, Frances...), Grace Hopper would never have been able to design the first compiler. A more contemporary scientist, Dr. Anita Borg, has profoundly influenced the field by designing and building a fault tolerant UNIX-based operating system (Short Biography of Anita Borg), as well as developing a performance analysis method for high-speed memory systems. However, Ive chosen to focus on Lovelace a nd Hopper because they are probably the most frequently mentioned women in computer science, and they represent two critical historical moments in the field Lovelace helps to bring the first computer into being, while Hopper forges the start of the modern computer age.A researcher looking into women and computer science will find Adas and Graces names scattered all over the place. Lovelace has a programming language named after her (Ada), the Association for Women in Computing offer the ... ...//www.ex.ac.uk/BABBAGE/ada.html (11 March 2000).AWSEM - Associate of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics. Facts in Brief. AWSEM Gender Equity. http//www.awsem.org (2 Feb. 2000).Danis, Sharron Ann. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper. 2 Feb. 1997. http//ei.cs.vt.edu/history/Hopper.Danis.html (17 March 2000).GirlTECH. Introduction. Getting Girls Interested in Computers. 1998. http//math.rice.edu/lanius/club/girls.html (7 Feb. 2000).Grace Murray Hopper 1906-1992. A Science Odyssey People and Discoveries (PBS). 1998. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btmurr.html (17 March 2000).Short Biography of Anita Borg. Institute for Women and Technology. http//www.iwt.org/trubio.html (20 March 2000).Toole, Betty Alexander. Ada, The Enchantress of Numbers Prophet of the Computer Age. Mill Valley CA Strawberry Press, 1998.

Nsu Mgt 210

Letter of Transmittal August 03, 2010 Mr. Faculty Member School of Business North southwesterly University, Dhaka. Subject Transmittal Message Dear Mr. hither is the term paper of MGT 210 that you bugger off asked for. For our project, you w be selected unite Airways (BD) Limited. We went to the company and talked with the give-up the ghost take aim managers to learn near them. Throughout the whole project we tried to follow your guidelines, apply our knowledge of trouble that is gained from you. We appreciate you for asking us to conduct this term paper.For any mixture of enquiry regarding the term paper please contact us at emailprotected com or 01717 244 574. Sincerely Yours, Table of Contents Serial No. Contents rapscallion No. 01 Mission Statement of United Airways (BD) Ltd. 3 02 Executive Summary 3 03 Officers of the Company 6 04 Organogram 7 05 Situational synopsis 8 06 mill Analysis 11 07 aims and Strategies 16 08 Management Issues 20 09 Conclusion 22 10 Bibliography 23 11 Appendix 24 12 Group Photo 25 Mission Statement of United Airways (BD) Ltd. United Airways (BD) Ltd. (UABDL) is pledge bound to be recognized domesticatedally and world(prenominal)ly by the passengers, sh atomic number 18owners, investors and employees as the best airline in Bangladesh.To provide a safe and reliable service to our valued passengers, we deliver service with a sense of professionalism, warmth, c atomic number 18 and friendliness. Customers satisfaction is our basic priority. We want to deliver more than what we promise. We give get through this by operating our flights on time and by offering personalized services on the drop anchor and in the air. The slogan of UABDL is Fly your own Airline Executive Summary United Airways (BD) Ltd. is the first airline which has been appeargond with a vision to create a humanity class airline in Bangladesh. Some airline companies had tried for several years to capture this airline sector base d Bangladeshi market, but no(prenominal) of them have actually achieved succeeder. United Airways (BD) Ltd. s an emerging company which is looking forward to achieve a remarkable position in the topical anesthetic as well as alien airline sector. United airways (BD) Ltd. (UABDL) has been founded by an expatriate airline pilot, Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Choudhury along with classifys of professionals, logical argument large number and entrepreneurs with the intention of operating, managing and eventually owning several commercialised aircrafts that go forth utilize Bangladesh as its base of exercises. If we study past history, we volition realize that how the airline sector of Bangladesh needed this kind of company. Previously, the airline sector was controlled and owned by government. From 1989, it was felt that at that place should be snobby airline company to provide better quality and service. In 1991, govt. hanged air transportation policy and permitted private sector t o start airline business. During 1995, Aero-bengal, first private airline company, appeared in the airline business. But government set many restrictions for private airline and did non permit them to fly in domestic routes. After a long bargaining, in 1996, govt. removed the restriction and allowed private aircrafts to fly in domestic routes. whatsoever other private airline company appeared in the intentness named GMG and finally United Airways (BD) Limited came into the industry in 2005. UABDL was incorporated as a private special(a) company on 28th June, 2005. Subsequently the company was converted into a public limited company from 8th may, 2006.The company has been granted license from civic aviation authority of Bangladesh to operate passenger and cargo service in international and domestic sectors. On 10th July, 2007 UABDL commenced its 1st operation in domestic routes. UABDL internationally flied from Dhaka to Kolkata on 24 September, 2008. Now the company is moving f orward to capture the address of international market. In spite of being a wise member in the market, UABDL has gained very strong position. According to the annual report of 2007-2008, company generated revenue of Taka 222. 37 jillion. The gross profit amounting to Taka 95. 96 million however the company implementd a loss of Taka 39. 11 million.From the audited report of 2009, we keep find that company earned revenue of Taka 298. 22 million and make Taka 158. 26 million as gross profit. This indicates an increase of 64. 93% as compared with the financial year 2007-2008. The company earned net profit before revenue Taka 16,983,733 during the period of July 09 to October 09. This shows us the remarkable advancement of this company in this adverse market state prevailing in the aviation industry. The company has been permitted by bail & Exchange Commission to issue IPO of Taka 100 crore in one crore shares having face value of Taka 100. The process of issuing IPO is expected to be urbane by this year.Air travelers have experienced tremendous difficulty while traveling in Bangladesh. UABDL has concerned this as an opportunity and has been taking go to make air travel to the country and inside the country easier, refreshing and reliable. United Airways (BD) Limited aims to develop the airline in a way which every Bangladeshi squirt feel imperial of being associated with. Investors are not only a weaken of this profitable hypothesis but are withal a part of investing for the economic harvest of Bangladesh. The development of this new airline result help move Bangladesh further into 21st century. The logo of the company is designated as useable to all communities or groups.The seven colors stroke lines give a feel of fineness while the overall kind gives an idea of unity. The shape of strokes is deliberated upon the shape of a circle combined into a single entity. The multi colors of the logo reflects the various sophisticated services that UABDL is pledge bound to provide to their valuable passengers, investors, shareholder and patrons. United Airways (BD) Limited now has nine aircrafts in its fleet which are 2 x Dash 8 103, 3 x MD- 83, 1 x Boeing 767 300ER and 3 x Let 410. It is operating domestic routes in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore and Coxs Bazar and its international routes from Dhaka to Kolkata,Kathmundu and Kualalampur. UABDL serves exclusive halal meals for the passengers with special dietetic needs by choice, due to medical or religious reasons. This menus have been prepared by trained chefs, with dieticians overseeing the overall nutritional value of the meal from their cater department in a hygienic way United Airways (BD) Ltd. discovers a unique opportunity in Bangladesh for domestic and international flight operation. Large account of population, along with notable economic ontogenesis and improving living standards of people en sure as shootings that this company leave behind go further in this aviation industry. Officers of United Airways (BD) Ltd.Here is the leaning of the top Officers who are working in different positions of United Airways (BD) Ltd. Name Position Remuneration (in taka) Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Choudhury Managing music director 880,000 Syed Abdul Muqtadir Senior Advisor 57,000 Capt. M Mushtaque Ali Director act 70,000 Shahjahan S.Hasib Director, 42,500 external Affairs Capt. Monirul Haque Joarder Director, Planning 210,500 Group Captain Khurshid Alam Chowdhury (Retd. )Director, HR 58,000 Wg. Cdr. ATM Nazrul Islam (Retd. ) Company Secretary & consultant - Jilanee F. R.Chowdhury Director, - Marketing & Sales Wg. Cdr. Muhammad Ferdous Imam (Retd. ) Director, 56,800 Admin & Finance Mujib -Ur- Rahman Director, engineering science 70,000 D. M.Moudud Chowdhury Consultant 46,500 Dr. Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed Consultant 35,000 Nabhojit Panigrahi Director, Ground Services 150,000 Farhad Hossain Consultant - Organogram An organogram is a diag ram that shows the organize of an organization and relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions. This is also known as care chart.United Airways (BD) Limited has a dynamic team of pilots, engineers, trade and sales people, finance managers, consultants and officials led by its Managing Director Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Chowdhury. The organogram of the company is shown below Organogram of UABDL Situational Analysis Situational analysis is a marketing term which involves the situation and trends in a particular companys market. It is designed to take a snapshot of where things stand at the a exchangeable time the plan is presented. It is aimed at identification of internal and external forces that may influence the organizations performance and choice of strategies, current competitors. (www. businessdictionary. com) 1. Internal factorsInternal factors are those factors of an organization which can be controlled by the managers. In United Airways (BD) Ltd. there are som e internal factors which affect the business. These factors come from within the business itself, without regard to any outside factors like customers and other businesses. These factors are under the domain of management of this company. 1. 1. Management trains Management level is one of the internal factors. It indicates how many levels are there from top to bottom. Management level includes operational level, technical level, and strategic level. i. Operational Level Operational level of any organization focuses on the performance and the efficiency of work work.Like every organization operations functions are at the core of United Airways (BD) Ltd. The primary managerial task here is to develop the best allocation of resources with the apt(p) amount of resources that produces the desired output. The core functions of UNITED AIRWAYS are ? Provide all services on promised time. ? Provide some unique services to the passengers ? Bring the equipments straight off from USA. ? Ens ure passengers safety and satisfaction ? Ensure the welfare of employees ii. Technical level The main function of the technical level is to coordinate the activities of the operational level. there are some people in United Airways (BD) Ltd. ho are officially authorized to perform the technical whole kit and caboodle. People who are involved with technical works are more closely related to the tasks that are performed by workers. iii. Strategic level Strategic level indicates top level managers who determine the how the organization interacts with its environment. In this organization managing come up toor, company secretary are considered as the top level manager. These managers do not direct the day-to-day activities of the firm rather, they set goals for the organization and direct the company to achieve them. These managers are ultimately responsible for the performance of the organization, and often, these managers have very visible jobs.As it is a new organization these top managers are apply their experience and skills to improve its ranking and to do some good work for the society as well. As the source of authority comes from society the top level managers are working on how they can provide quality services to society. 2. External factors External factors are those factors which cant be controlled by the managers. UABDL has some external factors as well like competitors, customers, suppliers etc. these factors come from outside the business. One of their study external factors is their competitors. 2. 1. Competitors of UABDL The market hold back in Bangladesh is unpredictable.Attaining total success is a difficult task, as one need to win the hearts and souls of the people by adopting proper marketing strategy with a competitive price. prime(prenominal) is the major tool for UABDL. The main competitors of UABDL are Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines, and Royal Bengal Airlines. Still it is increasing its position in terms of market share. Though, constantly they are under the flagellum from potential competitors, but they are doing well. Also it is doing very well as a new company though there are some limitations. There will be many competitors in the future also in this sector. But UABDL thinks that to achieve its vision, it has to be superior to its competitors. SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is a basic, truthful model that provides trouble and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It accomplishes this by assessing an organizations chromas (what an organization can do) and weaknesses (what an organization cannot do) in gain to opportunities (potential favorable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential unfavorable conditions for an organization). SWOT analysis is an important step in planning and its value is often underestimated despite the simplicity in creation. The role of SWOT analysis is to take information from the environmental analysis and separate it into internal issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats).Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines if the information indicates something that will assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives (a strength or opportunity), or if it indicates an obstacle that mustiness be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results (weakness or threat). (Ferrel O. , Hartline, M. Lucas, G. Luck, D. Marketing outline, 1998). We have through with(p) the research to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and weaknesses of United Airways (BD) Ltd. The details are described in the follow. 1. Strengths Strengths are internal factors of an organization. Strengths are those characteristics of the organization which are useful to let out the objectives of the organization. Factors which are considered as strengths of UABDL are described here. 1. Customer Preference UABDL is bound to satisfy its customers.The company is offering its passengers a safe and comfortab le flying experience at excellent value for money. Considering these factors, customers prefer United Airways (BD) Ltd. rather than any other airways. 1. 2. Maintaining Flight Schedules UABDL is very strict about time schedule. They hardly stand up their flights if any unavoidable situation takes place. Otherwise, they maintain their time schedule very strictly. 1. 3. Providing Quality Service Quality service providing to the customers is one of the most important strength factors of UABDL. They consider that customer satisfaction is their first priority. What the company promises to give to the customers, it tries to give more than that. 1. 4. Lower Ticket Fair than OthersUABDL offers most competitive price compared to its competitors like GMG Airlines or Biman Bangladesh Airlines. This pricing strategy helps the company to attract more customers. 1. 5. take Aircrafts UABDL does not lease the aircrafts like its competitors. No other airline companies in Bangladesh have their own aircrafts. But UABDL has its own aircrafts. This is one of the factors that United Airways can charge less than its competitors. 1. 6. Strong Management United Airways (BD) Ltd. has a dynamic team of pilots, engineers, marketing and sales people, finance managers, consultants and officials led by its Managing Director Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Chowdhury. . Weaknesses Weaknesses are also internal factors of a company. Weaknesses are harmful or destructive for the company to achieve the objectives or goals. Factors which are considered as the weaknesses of United Airways are 2. 1. Unfulfilled Marketing Promises Sometimes UABDL fails to fulfill the promises which were conducted during their marketing. But this kind of situation takes place very rarely in this company. 2. 2. Unavailability of Servicing Equipments Servicing equipments of the aircrafts are not available in Bangladesh. UABDL has to bring those equipments from abroad. This fact increases the servicing cost. 2. 3. Insufficient FundIt is very difficult to safari airline business in a developing country like Bangladesh as this business is very costly to run. It is also very difficult to relieve oneself a sufficient fund in Bangladesh. UABDL is facing this problem in this country. 3. Opportunities Opportunities are external circumstances which are supportive to realize the objectives of the organization. United Airways (BD) Ltd. considers some factors as its opportunities which are discussed below 3. 1. High Growth Rate of Potential Customers The growth rate of potential customers is high as many people from Bangladesh are going abroad for different purposes. So, UABDL has enough opportunities to capture more customers. 3. 2. Increasing International RoutesUABDL already has introduced international flights, but the company is planning to increase its international routes. Many people from Bangladesh are living in different countries around the world. If UABDL fats its routes, people will prefer to travel by United Airways as it is their Own Airline. 3. 3. Increasing Market Share UABDL already has 52% market share and they are hoping to increase this rate. It will help the company to maximize its profit. 3. 4. experienced Team The company has a very strong team of experienced Bangladeshi people in each and every department. Pilots, engineers, managers, marketing and sales people all of them are very experienced which will help the company to be the best airline company in the country. 4. ThreatsThreats are external factors which are destructive or harmful for the company to achieve the goals. There are few factors which are considered as threats by United Airways (BD) Ltd. and they are described in the follow 4. 1. Competitors Competitors are always considered as threats to any kind of companies. UABDL has mainly three competitors in Bangladesh Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines and Royal Bengal Airlines. Competitors can take any unique steps to be the best airline company i n Bangladesh. So, competitors are main threat to the company. 4. 2. Economic Condition of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a developing country of the third world.The providence of the country is not strong. Natural calamity or any unavoidable situation also affects the countrys economy very much. So, this is also considered as a major threat of United Airways (BD) Ltd. 4. 3. Unwillingness of the Banks to Finance Banks in Bangladesh are not very helpful to the airline companies like UABDL to support them financially. It will be very difficult to receive financial support from the banks if it will be needed in future. The above discussion clearly reflects the overall condition of the company. SWOT analysis helps the company to find out its weaknesses and threats and find out the ways to overcome those by its strengths and opportunities.Objectives and Strategies Defining Objectives and Strategies A business objective is something the business is aiming toward or a strategic position it is wo rking to attain. Usually is a step in the strategy. Objectives are similar to goals. And strategy is the process of accomplishing these objectives. To be successful, managers must develop and execute it well. (management. about. com) The objectives and strategies of United Airways (BD) Ltd. are discussed in the following. Objective 1 The company will always provide quality, safety and on time service. Strategy United Airways (BD) Ltd. is always attached to its customers to provide quality in service.It employs skilled managers who can manage the jobs very efficiently. UABDL uses better quality aircrafts and puts a lot of labour on the maintenance of the aircrafts. If any defect is detected of the aircraft, the authority solves that very quickly. The company collects feedback from the customers after experiencing the travel. If there is suggestion, the authority tries to consider that and if there is any complaining, it takes that with large(p) concern. Objective 2 The company wi ll expand its service to meat easterly by 2011. Strategy UABDL has found great opportunity in the put East routes. So, it is planning to expand its service to Middle East countries by 2011.For this purpose, it is setting up its offices in the respective areas and also planning to operate overburdened aircrafts in the Middle East routes. It is going to take big promotional strategy in those places and also in Bangladesh. Objective 3 The company will acquire market share from foreign carriers within few years. Strategy UABDL has already entered the international market by operating the international routes to Kolkata, Dubai, Kathmandu and Kualalampur. And it is also going to expand its foreign routes by the next year. So, by expanding its foreign routes, it is going to acquire market share from foreign carriers. Objective 4 The company will generate employment opportunity of the country at present and future. StrategyUABDL opens a big opportunity for prospective employees. The c ompany always prefers to employ local energies. Except some of the technical positions, almost all of the employees of UABDL are Bangladeshi. So, the company is creating a huge opportunity for the local job seekers. In the current economy, there is lots of manpower available, but jobs are not available for them. UABDL is trying to create opportunity for those deserving people. The company should always follow this strategy in recruiting employees. Objective 5 The company will raise the paid up capital to Tk. 200 Crore through issuing IPO by 2010. Strategy UABDL is move into the stock market by issuing IPO for the first time this year.As a relatively new company, its performance in the opening years will surely catch the eyes of the investors to buy they shares of UABDL. The company is predicting that, issuing IPO will raise the paid up capital to Tk. 200 Crore by this year. Objective 6 The company will launch a project to operate in European destinations including London, Gatwick , Manchester, Birmingham from Dhaka and Sylhet within 12 months of completing the project of Middle East. Strategy The company aims at a broader view to expand its service to the European region. By 2011 the company is willing to complete the project of Middle East and within 12 months of the completion of that project, it will launch the project to operate in the European destination.It will operate flights from Dhaka and Sylhet to some major European destinations like London, Gatwick, Manchester, Birmingham etc. Objective 7 The company will raise a fund of Tk. 2,000 Crore by 2014. Strategy UABDL is going to issue its IPO this year. So, this will help to raise its capital as well as its fund. The company will also increase its fund from different available sources. So, it is predicting that it will be able to raise a fund of Tk. 2,000 Crore by the year 2014. Objective 8 The company will have airline offices throughout the world by 2015. Strategy From the inception of the company, it is aiming towards going to the international arena.Already it has placed its offices in different countries where it is operating its flights. As its another objective is to acquire market share from foreign carriers, it is going to open airline offices throughout the world by 2015. Objective 9 The company wants to be a leader in the strain industry within 12 years. Strategy UABDLs current performance indicates that it is going to be a leader in the local aviation industry within few years. This will be possible only if it can provide quality, safety and on time service regularly. As it will expand its business in international arena, it can dream to be a leader in the international aviation industry also. Objective 10The company wants to recruit in the economic development of the country in regular basis. Strategy UABDL regards its investors as comrades in their endeavor to contribute in the overall economic growth of Bangladesh. It believes that involvement in this airline by making an investment is an opportunity to be a part of a unique venture that will have a significant impact on national economy. And by operating the international flights more frequently, it will capture a big amount of foreign currency. It will conduct different projects for the development of the economy of Bangladesh. Management Issues Staffs of this United Airways (BD) Ltd. include experienced professionals from various institutions as well as credible airlines.Members of the management team is strategic thinkers and able to see the big picture, have diverse experience, demonstrate leadership attributes, combine business insight with technical savvy, and also committed to continuous learning. The company has departmentalized its function in following 11 categories Operations Finance Planning Engineering Admin Sales and Marketing Human Resource International Affairs Ground Service Catering procurance Our study focused on departmentalization and organizational st ructure. The objective here was to understand things like degree and grammatical case of horizontal differentiation, vertical differentiation, mechanisms of coordination and control, formalization, and centralization of power.Looking at the organizational structure of the company we found it is based on 5 tiers at the top level management. This includes Managing Director, who is genius of the company, Senior Advisor, Company secretary, Consultants and department directors. United Airways that make one-of-a-kind custom products, typically, both peoples skills, knowledge and the machines used are important. Discussion with staff revealed following aspects It is relatively costly to operate, and work process is unpredictable It is comparatively flat organization (few levels of hierarchy) MD has low span of control (direct reports) Relatively low percentage of managers Concentrated units are Procurements, sales and marketing, Human resources and International Affairs Company wor k is largely vulnerable because of largely wide variables influencing its work. (i. e. Aircraft routes, country politics, International politics etc. ) Where operation level staffs deal with the ongoing day-to-day complexities of organizations, top level leaders effectively orchestrate important change. While managing requires planning and budgeting routines, leading includes setting the direction (creating a vision) for the company Management requires structuring the organization, staffing it with capable people, and monitoring activities Leaders of United Airways goes beyond these functions by inspiring people to attain the vision.Directors keep operations level staff focused on moving the organization toward its ideal future, motivating them to over come whatever obstacles lie in the way. The culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. In United Airways BD workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs the ir degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Conclusion United Airways has a goal of being a leader in aviation industry at home and abroad.It will be a long journey for the company to accomplish that goal as it is very new in the industry. But whatever the company has done till now, it shows clear sign of the companys prospect. In this very short time, it has placed itself in a good position in the market. It is also entering the stock market this year. It aims to involve every Bangladeshi expatriates to affiliate with them as a proud owner of the airline by owning its share. By owning the share of UABDL, investors will not only be a part of a profitable business, but will also be investing in Bangladesh themselves. United Airways comprises a team of dynamic and talented Bangladeshi who are fully committed to m ake sure that their dream becomes a successful reality.The company believes that involvement in this airline is a chance to become a part a unique venture that will have a significant impact on Bangladesh, leaving a long term legacy for all. And through its dedicated service to the customers, United Airways truly want to be Your Airline. Bibliography In order to prepare this term paper, we have taken information from several sources. Here is a incline of those sources. 1. Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancevich. Fundamentals of Management. N. p. Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1998 2. Griffin, W. Ricky. Management. N. p. Cengage Learning, 2006. 3. Dessler, Gary. Organization and Management A Contingency Approach. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice Hall, 1976. 4. Ahmed, Dr. Md. Hafiz.The Gems in Management For Achieving Personal Greatness. Dhaka, Dhanshalik Prokashani, 2006 5. Ferrel O. , Hartline, M. Lucas, G. Luck, D. Marketing Strategy. Orlando, FL Dryden Press, 1998. 6. Definition of situational analysis. Businessdictionary. com. , 2010 7. SWOT analysis in business. About. com. , 2010 8. Shortage of human resources worrying tourism industry stakeholders. The Bangladesh Monitor (Dhaka). July 1 15, 2010. 9. United Airways launches flight in Dhaka Kualalampur route. Parjatan Bichitra (Dhaka). January, 2010. Appendix Here is the sample question that we asked the persons we met at United Airways (BD) Ltd. 1.Would you kindly share us the history of UABDL? 2. What were the main reasons of coming into this business? 3. How is your company doing financially? 4. What is the organizational structure of your company? 5. What kind of leadership style does your company follow? 6. Who are your target customers? 7. What is the current market position of UABDL? 8. What are the internal and external factors that are affecting your business? 9. Would you kindly share us the companys strengths and opportunities? 10. Would you mind sharing the companys weakness and threats with us? 11. What are the major objectives of your company? 12. What are the future plans of UABDL?We are really grateful to the following persons whom we met at UABDL for sharing the information with us Wg. Cdr. (Retd. ) Dr. A T M Nazrul Islam Dr. Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed Consultant and Company Secretary Consultant Finance and Accounts United Airways (BD) Ltd. United Airways (BD) Ltd. Group Captain Khurshid Alam Director HR United Airways (BD) Ltd. Group Photo Director Procurement Director Catering Director Ground Services Director Sales & Marketing Director Admin All the members of our group with the Consultant (Finance & Accounts), Company Secretary and Director HR (from left).

Do You Speak American? Essay

Absolutely, the answer was no. In the past, I thought American incline was only a language which pronounced r heavily. Surprisingly, according to the map of dialect, America can be divided by seven parts. They atomic number 18 east New English, NYC,Philadelphia, The North, The Midland, The South and The West. And unalike regions of America have different dialects. In terms of the dialect of American English, I have a re-understanding of this language. I remark it is interesting, even surprising, and I am more curious about that.The dialects of American English is really interesting. Honestly, when I hear a conversation or a speech, I can hardly recognize the accents without special note, although sometimes I can recognize the obvious accents according to the meaning of the sentence. For example, most young calcium say ? to replace ? , say like as lake. According to my personal experience, when I traveled to Miami, Florida, I heard that most mountain in in that location said l ift as left. Moreover, Net English used among young hatful is another part of interest.For example, das kool compares that is cool, lol means put-on out loud, How ya doin hun is how are you doing honey? , g2g means got to go, etc. Maybe they think typing English in this way is more well-off and fashionable, however, I do not think so. Furthermore, experts recommend that TV series is a good way to recognize and learn dialects since the actors of a program are come from different regions. At last, teenagers prefer to use some new words of phrases to express an common meaning, such as bling bling refers to expensive jewelry.This is popular and sometimes I also use that to express myself. Actually, I am surprised about the dialects of American English in the following aspects. Firstly, in North America, people will laugh at lobstermans dialect and make fun with the way they speak. As far as I am concerned, we should respect different languages and cultures. Even though we cannot und erstand the way of communication, every dialect must has its own value to exist. Moreover, although people dislike some dialects, they can always model those dialects they hate. It is unbelievable.In addition, I watched these three DVDs without subtitle. So when I watched the CD2 which introduced the dialects in the mid-land, I found it was difficult for me to understand what people said. However, it is easier to understand what the north and west people said. I think it means that the people of mid-land and south have strong accents. Frankly, there are some points that I do not know in front I watching this video. First of all, Philadelphia shakes the American speech more than any other city. Secondly, the Black and the White cannot communicate with each other by utilise English at the beginning.Thirdly, some people who come from the mid-land consider New Yorker speak bad English, since New Yorker say water as w? d? . To be honest, as for me, I like the dialect of New York. Four thly, some pronounciation of dialect are totally different from the original pronounciation. For example, in Ohio and Michigan, yins means you, and in north, ayuh is equal to yes, etc. Finally, looking at magazines to find new words is a job, its purpose is to update the dictionary. To sum up, I dont think I am speaking American even though I am in New York now.The dialects in United States are diverse. In my opinion, dialect is a component of cultural activities. And some dialects are related to history, some are related to the life style of different region. There are a strain of expressions for dialects. Those include the differences of pronounciation, the new words for common meaning, net English, etc. Most important, no matter what kind of language we say, we should respect all of them and admit the introduction value of them. At last, I think watching different American TV series is a good way for me to improve my American English.

Value Chain of Tesco

To further the analysis of competitive advantage, Michael Porter introduced the value chain as a tool to examine the activities of a argument. As seen in figure 2, Porter distinguished a firms support activities from its operational or primary activities. (Book) picpic Support Activities Firm Infrastructure Human resource Management Peta Hay, Director of the Tesco Academy, commented We believe it is more important than ever to invest in our people as Tesco continues to expand both geographically and into new business sectors.Tesco has a proven track record of both nurturing internal talent and successfully attracting external senior executives. (7) Technology Development Procurement Primary Activities inbound Logistics The overall cost leadership strategic management of Tesco is exhibited in its lean and agile inbound logistics function. Drawing upon Abeysinghe (2010), the phoner uses its leading market position and economies of orbit as key bargaining powers to achieve low cos ts from its suppliers.The analysts have also highlighted the constant upgrading of their ordering system, approved vendor lists, and in-store processes to induce effectiveness and energy into the companys inbound logistics operations. Operations Management Tesco has been praised by a number of supply chain management critics for its effective use of IT systems that facilitate the companys low cost leadership strategy. According to Tesco (2010), the company has invested over ? 76 million in streamlining its operations through their Tesco Digital program, which is a ternion generation ERP solution for the company. The company has achieved ? 50 million in increase profitability during 2009 alone due to the introduction of this system. This company -wide ERP system has also facilitated the minimization of stock holdings within the company. Outbound Logistics Tesco holds leadership position in online and offline food retail segments, which is due to its efficient and effective outboun d logistics. Drawing upon Mintel (2010), the company has true a range of store formats and types, which are strategically placed to achieve maximum customer exposure. These formats include Express, Metro, Superstores, Extra and Homeplus, which are segmented according to the objective lens population.Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs like Tesco Clubcard are being introduced through information technology advances which dissuade the customers from switching over to their competitors. Tesco has introduced its Greener Living Scheme to give consumers advice on environmental issues, including how to reduce food waste and their carbon footprint when preparing meals . Services Tesco has been pursuing a dual strategy of cost leadership and differentiation, which has led to an increased importance placed on customer service.Drawing upon Keynote (2010), this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotio ns. In order to put Tescos value chain analysis into perspective, it should be noted that despite cost leadership strategy the company has been able to hit a high degree of value in comparison with its key competitors. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i. e. , Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons has been provided as follows

Problem at My College

Kiet Bui Mrs. Muench ESL 312 Main Problems in SJCC Who among us knows that education is actually important for every person, it is the social platform to help grow. But there are a few that need to improve education is the quality of teaching and facilities, now has one of the college like SJCC even though the quality of teaching is quite respectable but there are a few things to fix. First at all, the library is where the necessary information that every college student in your life to come.But currently, the library is where students do not want to visit, because of books for students to borrow, so low that the number of students is too crowded, but the college does not application the inescapably for students that is one very serious trouble for schools to meet the needs, combined with publishers buy books to support students knowledge, open e-book library, enriched for the college library. Second, the majority of students in the SJCC complained that the schools set lot is t oo small, and it makes them no outrank for parking, often what you are going away to SJCC soon they had plenty of space for parking.Similar essay MonashCollegeMoodleFor some people home away from being late to send the car out of college, its very dangerous because parking outside the school is not safe and it will affect the focus on student learning. To solution this situation the college should expand parking for students even if the area does not allow the school campus to hire one parking lot near the school for students to help alleviate this situation. Finally, the SJCC cafeteria is a place to study the break of the students.It contributed an important part for the current college but the SJCC cafeteria is crowded places of the students because the cafeteria was built long time ago and very small, does not satisfy the needs of students in SJCC. College needs to focus attention to the rebuilding or add one more in the school cafeteria equipment and invest more modern root an d create conditions for students to unwind in this case. We had so many reasons to mention the need to overcome the problems in the world but the remedy depends on each of us trying to fix it. Take for advanced education and growing because it is the key to lead us to success.

Emotional climax Essay

Continuing the theme of hu domainity and its behaviour, I believe the following hithertots to be lawful to that. It is strange that in a play that revolves around its religious puritan upbringing, it also lacks a certain amount of Christian/Satanic or ecumenical imagery or symbolism. I would say that in comparison to a play such as Macbeth which relies on its disturbing imagery to convey the conflict of dark forces with the plot, The Crucible uptakes the reactions and actions of human creations to essentially shock the audience with as opposed to bold and obvious imagery.The preceding actions of the girls is but a taste of the flimsy human nature that will to some degree be the ruination of the innocents of Salem the inert readiness to speak out against those who will miss use power and authority to a larger agenda, is the collective attitude that will allow silence to manipulate the villages fate. The stress is released as the resentment and madness dies, but the atmosphere is left with a slight air of detectable pessimism as the girls (including Mercy,) transmit with no attempt to rectify with Proctor anything he may gather in heard or stay for Abigails sake- (Id best be off, I have Ruth to watch.) Instead they leave apologetically and sheepishly, I quote- Mercy sidles out.Now that the stage is rid of the bulk, save the strong figure of Proctor, a slightly hidden Abigail and mute Betty tolerate. The scope is quiet, the audience surges with anxiety, as we are straight fully aware of the extent of Abigails cite and her master schemes for both characters on stage. The stage directions quote- Abigail has stood as though on tiptoe, riveting his presence, wide-eyed. He glances at Betty on the bed. The scene is perfectly set, most waiting for Abigail to pounce.The remainder of the scene has only striking effect in the two characters direct speech and actions. It is the hammy effect of the language in the dialogue that develops the characters for th e benefit of the audience as history repeats- Youre surely sportin with me. The sexy attempts of Abigail do nothing but reveal the nature of their relationship. Proctors character is used in the first act and indeed second as a pawn, a strong male presence that conjures up history, friction and feelings between a variety of characters.In this quote, Proctors serve demonstrates their catamenia familiarity, as he obviously feels his would be rude answer appropriate in her case, which suggests history and the blunt coldness of his words suggests a tainted one- You feel me better, This is used to great dramatic effect as this quote is an example of what classes this scene a complication. The manifestations between the two characters and the audience displays I theorize that in this epitome, a play like The Crucible has numerous complications, which take the severity of the actual complication (the witch hunts,) to a higher level. For example the threat of being accused by one villa ger is but trivial when the thrill of attempted murder through witchcraft of which Elizabeth and Proctor are fully aware leads to trial, is brought to their knowledge. This accusation of attempted murder is one complication that mounts to a highly climatic and tragic demise.The heated and often dark references that Abigail uses are incredibly direct and delivered with a force that might suggest these are situations that are in need of persuasion. Not only the dramatic tension created by her choice of tactics, but the real level of desperation and inner naivety of the character that results in juvenile actions is incomprehensible The confusion behind the seemingly innocent Abigail is astounding and her unpredictability creates tension as the audience realises the precarious nature of the play when Abigail is involved.The next scene I will analyse simply overflows with emotion, brought out through the characters ordeals. Elizabeth is featured here, wife of Proctor and the other half of an unhappy marriage. Their struggles seemed to begin and end with that harlot, once again Abigail is at the centre of parochial turmoil. Leading up to this scene, we have seen a troubled and excluded couple as Goody Proctor kisses him with suspicion and keeps their future happiness with it at the root of their marriage, Proctor bites his tongue with his sins past(a) sins upon his shoulders. This scene is one of revelation and the audience sits enthralled as even tension created for the ultimate end disappears, as the couple who obviously motionless have love for one another quash their insecurities and make their peace.The scene begins with this fluctuation of feelings toward one another still in tact. The atmosphere is one of grief and almost acceptance, as these accusations, deaths and confessions have continued over the past few months (since the previous scene,) and the two characters have bared gruelling witness to it all. Once again, this final sort of Elizabeth to Proc tor needs a more detailed explanation, as the stage directions take the audience through every one of their actions and therefore magnifying the importance of the revelation of this scene, Alone. Proctor walks to her, haltsThe gentle nature of Elizabeth has been taken advantage of, in order to coax proctor into a confession. Elizabeth has taken the opposite course of action and frees him from her shady grasp.Elizabeths query, though perhaps comical when an attempt is made to read it seriously, shows her utter lack of compassion and hope through the injustices of their predicament. Lack of compassion even for her own husband, though her enquiry made is meant in a considerate context- You have been tortured? Elizabeth continues to answer his questions in a cold and blunt manner, (their inhibitions still remain, anticipating the arrival of the emotional climax.)Extending the theme of revelation, this is probed unintentionally by Elizabeth and her remarks, for example she says about th e death of Giles Corey, They press him sewer, more weight he says. Proctors reply is influenced by this, the courage of Corey is taken by Proctor and used to state, I have been thinking I would confess to them Elizabeth. In addition, the quote of Elizabeths instigates she wishes him to variety a course of action, which he does in the previous quote.However, her reply is not one of looming suspicion or ruled by mistrust, it overcomes those petit consciences and the character finds the will to say, I cannot judge you John. No matter how Proctor begs for an order, a course of action or reassurance, Elizabeth stands strong and helps him to lose his inhibitions by making his own choice. The scene lastly reaches a heart-wrenching climax as Elizabeth delivers the line Only be sure of this, for I know it now Whatever you will do, it is a good man does it. Whatever the finale, this is a satisfying resolution because the characters have admitted exactly what the audience almost begs them to say, the actors deliver a service of satisfaction.Perhaps the only the example of dramatic imagery is the recurring theme of winter inside the Proctor house, as opposed to the summer and heat in the midst of the Abigail/Proctor love affair. Elizabeth now admits that is was a cold attitude she had towards her husband a shrivelled marriage that she kept, a cold house. Her admittance of this symbolises the last string of the old relationship broken. The dramatic effective adds to the release of tension between the characters as the entire situation diffuses.Both of the characters fronts falter as they indulge in insular peace, paving the way for the final resolution the turmoil between husband and wife is finally resolved, Proctor has everything to live for and the strength to do what is need to remain with family and friends- or is it? Unfortunately, the phrase too good to be true springs to mind, and also to the audience. The scene I analysed is in theory the penultimate resolution. It fits this description perfectly, as although it is tawdry -because Proctor decides not to have his life and confess, but die with sanctity of name- it is satisfying. Dramatic tension is built extremely subtly behind the contagious blessedness of peace between the Proctors, foreseeing the ultimate loss of inhibitions for John.True, the character has lost the stubbornness that kept his wife from him, but it is also true to Elizabeths statement that John has not forgiven himself self confessed sinner he may be, but a proud man is John Proctor. The truth may be that even in death, let alone life would the character not forgive himself for his sins with Abigail. His martyrdom was the release of self-hatred through a noble stand he held onto the only thing that in his opinion was not tainted, his name.The Crucible recurs the theme of boundaries and limits, with such things as physical limits including the obsession with land, exclusive living (within colonies,) and with names. Proct ors bourne was infact the preservation of his name, that is the only earthly piece of self he would not let go of- the only piece of self he realistically had left. This is a truly effective resolution, as the main character is finally at rest Miller is no hero for surviving the courts, but his duty to family is done, his warning and message still survives fifty years on.

Ritu Kumar

ABOUTRITU KUMAR Birth November 11, 1944 Place of Birth Amritsar, Punjab give chase Ritu, LABEL Introduction Ritu Kumar is the largest & most respected clothes designer denounce in India today. Since 1969 she has demonstrable a unique style of her proclaim, reflecting the ancient traditions of Indian inventionsmanship in a contemporaneous vocabulary. Her beneathstanding of ancient designs and the innovative economic consumption of traditional crafts has created a new classicism. The company is renowned for its distinctive use of colors, quality of fabrics, intricate embroideries and a gloriously rich Indian aesthetic.An icon of the Indian Fashion industriousness and a frontrunner in establishing a position for India in the global forum,Ritu Kumars contribution has been impeccable to the path fraternity, both nationally and internationally. With almost five decades of work for display, the designer excels in both traditional and western outfits, thoughethnic attires being her specialty. She was the first women to bring the boutique culture to India, downstairs the figure of speechRitu. The gradual change in the mode scenario has also lead to a change of designs for her grease.She haskept in sync with the varying times and has effectively brought creativity and innovativeness with eachcollection. Ritu holds the status of being a revivalist in the style scenario, which has successfully bridged thegap between conservative and conventional style. Company History Mrs. Kumar became the first woman to introduce the boutique culture in India under the brand name Ritu. Her work is constantly evolving within an aesthetic which is sophisticated both in the eastern and western sense, with ach of her collections making a contemporary statement in a fast changing modern India. The Brand Ritu Kumar has been retailing in Europe and India since 1970s. The products include couture, formal pret accessories and a fashion forward sub brand called LABEL, Ritu Kumar. Cur rently Ritika Pvt. Limited operates two main production centers Gurgaon and Calcutta. Factories are equipped with in? house printing, tailoring, finishing and quality control facilities. It self runs and franchises retail sacks under the label RITU KUMAR.Ritu pioneering work in reviving master craftsmanship has earned her several accolades including the French Honor chevalier des arts et des lettres , a knighthood was awarded to her by French government in recognition of her contribution to Indian textile crafts and her interaction with French fashion world. She has also been graced with Indira Gandhi Priyadarshini award for her achievements and contribution in the field of fashion. Mother Teresa, Birju Maharaj, Pt. Hari Prasad were previous recipients of this prestigious award. COSTUMES AND TEXTILE OF ROYAL INDIAIn October 1999 Christies of London published Ritu Kumars book Costumes and Textiles of Royal India a definitive chronicle of the fib of Indias royal patronage to textile arts down the centuries starting with the historical context of Mohenjo Daro to the present era of vintage royalty. The book is an academic fashion history text which has become a key reference for its field in India. PERSONAL BACKGROUND Ritu Kumar was born on 11th November 1944 in Amritsar, Punjab. A native of Delhi, Ritu graduated fromLady Irwin College in 1964 and did her higher education from Briarcliff College, NY, USA in 1966.Theace designer had a humble beginning in a small village, underweight Kolkata, in 1960, with hand block printers andtwo tablets to flaunt about. With the passage of years, fashion grew and so did her network. From being adesigner to an author, Ritu Kumar has been the master of the game. Her son Ashvin Kumar is director, whose has made films like Road to Ladakh (2002) and short filmLittleTerrorist(2004), which was nominated for the2004Academy Award for Live Action Short Film,and in which she did the costume design. Ritu Kumar is the largest & most resp ected designer brand in India today.Since 1969 she has developed aunique style of her own, reflecting the ancient traditions of Indian craftsmanship in a contemporary vocabulary. Her understanding of ancient designs and the innovative use of traditional crafts has created a new classicism. The company is renowned for its distinctive use of colors, quality of fabrics, intricate embroidies and a gloriously rich Indian aesthetic. ACHIEVEMENT HIGHLIGHTS 1966 Ritus first Boutique opened in Delhi at D3 Defence dependence Link Road, New Delhi. This was thefirst ever boutique in Delhi. 1968 As a celebration of 21 years of Ritu, THE TREE OF LIFE, as audio visual fashion tableau wasmounted, by invitation the Crafts Museum in New Delhi. 1970 A fashion show called the Fashion Mood of the Seventies. It was the very early attempt to bringsome professionalism into the ramp. 1972 Fashion butt against by RITUS BOUTIQUE at the Tollygunge Club, Calcutta. 1974 RITUS BOUTIQUE opens at Bombay. 1975 She started a company called Kalamkari Designs Pvt. Ltd. jointly with her husband. Franchiseswere also started with Harrods London, Liberty, andLondon for brief periods. 1985 The ZARDOZI COLLECTION of traditional soften was exhibited at the festival of India in the USA. Ritus boutique was by this time was renamed simply as- RITU. 1990 Established RITU a shop within a shop at Paris, as an ongoing promotion of India 1994 Ritu was approached by Femina Miss India to professionalize the wardrobes for the finalists of thecontestants. 1998 Lifetime Achievement Award by the National Institute of Fashion Technology. Ritu wasappointed on the get along of Governors at NIFT. Outstanding Women Entrepreneur Award by the PHD-Chamber of Commerce. 2000 Lifetime achievement award set by Kingfisher Group. 2002 Launch of first sub brand Ritu Kumar Label. 2004 Selected as the President of FDCI board. Designer of the year 2004 by F Awards. 2006 Bridal collection at the Lycra MTV Awards. Glam Womenswear(India) Award by Tuscan VerveZoom Glan Awards. 2007 Opened Ritu Kumars outlet in New York. 2008 Awarded knighthood for contribution to Arts & Letters by the French government (Life Time Achievement Award).EARLY BEGINNING Concept development In the after-hours 1960s India was going through profound changes plastics had replaced mud, brass and silverfactory produced papers and woods took the place of sophisticated handicrafts and nylons displaced anancient hereditary pattern of cotton and silk. It was not only a battle between tradition and modernity it was also aconfrontation of lifestyles and determine. During this time, a small group who had benefited from unique opportunities of study and travel began tosee the depth of the craft and design heritage of their own landed estate.They discovered that India was areservoir of delicate skills. In an attempt to merge their international experiences together with the skills oftheir people, they became aware that contemporar y designers must revitalize their own roots and identity. This was essential to take Indian creativity out into the world in such a way that benefited both craftsmenand the modern consumer. Starting of the estimate Ritu began with hand block printers and two tablets in a small village near Kolkata. Mrs. Kumar became the first woman to introduce the boutique culture in India under the brand name Ritu.Her work is constantly evolving within an aesthetic which is sophisticated both in the eastern and western sense, with each of her collections making a contemporary statement in a fast changing modern India. Capital contribution less than Rs. 10,000 (estimated figure) TURNING POINT Snapshots of struggle phase She initially set about many problems for her business as she was a woman entrepreneur, which was a rare phenomenon. Confronted with the challenges associated with trying to build a designer business in a country facing infrastructural woes.Uninterrupted power, superior quality, and advanced skills were not easily available in India during the time. Promotional strategies 1. No commodity production in beginning due to overlook of infrastructure. 2. Diversification rather than expansion. 3. Pioneered the term fashion in the Indian context. 4. Customer satisfaction. 5. Created an image of a reliable company. 6. Importance of hand-made products. 7. The mix and match of the Indian and western wear. move aroundTO SUCCESS Entrepreneurial traits 1. Determination She was determined to build up Ritu Kumars Boutique. . Confidence Started business in relatively new innovative field. Her confidence was laudably when comparing with the challenges that she has faced. 3. Motivation Employee feedbacks. Performance checks. Work place principles. 4. Risk Taker Mrs. Kumar became the first woman to introduce the boutique culture in India underthe brand name Ritu. 5. Innovative She was the one who put forth the importance of hand-made products as it can be as cost-effective as machine-made clothes and even to a greater extent gorgeous than those. Principles and policy of enterprisePut forth the importance of hand-made products as it can be as cost-effective as machine-made clothes andeven more gorgeous than those. Ritu Kumar with her team up of committed designers has come a long way. She has worked mainly on cotton, silk and leather and produced some of the countrys most magnificentgarments. Ritu Kumars specialty is traditional Indian clothes, which highlights on the textile andembroidery heritage of India. But the mix and match of the Indian and western wear also holds a primeposition in her work.CONTRIBUTION Ethics and corporate social responsibility By displace forth the idea of hand made products she has employed many people, especially the women andthe lower segments, mostly in villages. She had also tried to keep the Indian values and ethics high, whichcan be seen throughout her work. Ritu has pioneered the term fashion in the Indian context, and more importantlyhas demonstrated that hand made products can be as fat and even moreglamorous than those made by the machine.

Part Three Chapter VIII

VIIIThe move to Pagford had been the worst thing that had ever happened to Gaia Bawden. Excepting occasional visits to her father in Reading, London was whole that she had ever cognize. So incredulous had Gaia been, when Kay had first said that she wanted to move to a tiny West verdant town, that it had been weeks before she took the threat seriously. She had notion process it one of Kays mad ideas, like the two chickens she had bought for their tiny hazard garden in Hackney (killed by a fox a week subsequently purchase), or deciding to ruin half their saucepans and permanently scar her own hand by making marmalade, when she hardly ever cooked.Wrenched from friends she had had since primary school, from the house she had known since she was eight, from weekends that were, increasingly, ab surface every kind of urban fun, Gaia had been plunged, over her pleas, threats and protests, into a life she had never dreamed existed. Cobbled streets and no shops open past six oclock, a c ommunal life that seemed to revolve around the church, and where you could often hear bird newsg and nothing else Gaia felt as though she had f solelyen by a portal into a land lost in time.She and Kay had clung tightly to each other all Gaias life (for her father had never lived with them, and Kays two successive relationships had never been formalized), bickering, condoling and growing steadily more like flat-mates with the solveing years. Now, though, Gaia saw nothing but an enemy when she looked across the kitchen table. Her single ambition was to return to London, by any means possible, and to make Kay as unhappy as she could, in revenge. She could not decide whether it would punish Kay more to fail all her GCSEs, or to pass them, and try and get her father to agree to house her, while she attended a sixth-form college in London. In the meantime, she had to exist in alien territory, where her looks and her accent, once newsflash passports to the most select social circles, had become foreign currency.Gaia had no desire to become one of the popular students at Winterdown she thought they were embarrassing, with their West Country accents and their pathetic ideas of what constituted entertainment. Her determined pursuit of Sukhvinder Jawanda was, in part, a way of showing the in-crowd that she found them laughable, and partly because she was in a mood to feel phylogenetic relation with anybody who seemed to have discoversider status.The fact that Sukhvinder had agreed to join Gaia as a waitress had moved their friendship to a different level. In their bordering period of double biology, Gaia unbent as she had never done before, and Sukhvinder glimpsed, at last, part of the mysterious reason why this beautiful, cool newcomer had selected her as a friend. Adjusting the focus on their shared microscope, Gaia muttered, Its so frigging white here, isnt it?Sukhvinder comprehend herself saying yeah before she had fully considered the question. Gaia was st ill talking, but Sukhvinder was hardly half listening. So frigging white. She supposed that it was.At St Thomass, she had been made to get up, the only brown person in the class, and talk most the Sikh religion. She had stood obediently at the front of the class and told the story of the Sikh religions founder Guru nanak, who disappeared into a river, and was believed drowned, but re-emerged after three days underwater to announce There is no Hindu, on that point is no Moslem.The other children had sniggered at the idea of anyone surviving underwater for three days. Sukhvinder had not had the courage to point out that Jesus had died and hence come back to life. She had cut the story of Guru Nanak short, desperate to get back to her seat. She had only ever visited a gurdwara a handful of times in her life there was none in Pagford, and the one in Yarvil was tiny and dominated, according to her parents, by Chamars, a different caste from their own. Sukhvinder did not even know w hy that mattered, because she knew that Guru Nanak explicitly forbade caste distinctions. It was all very confusing, and she continued to enjoy Easter eggs and decorating the Christmas tree, and found the books that Parminder pressed upon her children, explaining the lives of the gurus and the tenets of Khalsa, extremely difficult to read.Because my mother wanted to be near her merry andrew of a sonfriend, muttered Gaia. Gavin Hughes, dyou know him?Sukhvinder shook her head.Youve probably heard them shagging, said Gaia. The whole street hears when theyre at it. Just keep your windows open approximately night.Sukhvinder tried not to look shocked, but the idea of overhearing her parents, her married parents, having sex was quite bad enough. Gaia herself was flushed not, Sukhvinder thought, with embarrassment but with anger. Hes going to ditch her. Shes so deluded. He cant wait to leave after theyve done it.Sukhvinder would never have talked about her mother like this, and nor would the Fairbrother twins (still, in theory, her best friends). Niamh and Siobhan were working together at a microscope not far away. Since their father had died, they seemed to have closed in on themselves, choosing each others company, drifting away from Sukhvinder.Andrew Price was staring almost evermore at Gaia through a gap in the white faces all around them. Sukhvinder, who had noticed this, thought that Gaia had not, but she was wrong. Gaia was only not bothering to stare back or preen herself, because she was used to boys staring at her it had been fortuity since she was twelve. Two boys in the lower sixth kept turn of events up in the corridors as she moved between classes, far more often than the law of averages would seem to dictate, and both were better-looking than Andrew. However, none of them could compare to the boy to whom Gaia had lost her virginity shortly before moving to Pagford.Gaia could hardly bear that Marco de Luca was still physically alive in the univers e, and separated from her by a hundred and thirty-two miles of aching, useless space.Hes eighteen, she told Sukhvinder. Hes half Italian. He plays football really well. Hes supposed to be getting a try-out for Arsenals youth squad.Gaia had had sex with Marco four times before leaving Hackney, each time stealing condoms out of Kays bedside table. She had half wanted Kay to know to what lengths she was driven, to brand herself on Marcos memory because she was being obligate to leave him.Sukhvinder listened, fascinated, but not admitting to Gaia that she had al nominate seen Marco on her new friends Facebook page. There was nobody like that in the whole of Winterdown he looked like knot Depp.Gaia slumped against the desk, playing absent-mindedly with the focus on the microscope, and across the room Andrew Price continued to stare at Gaia whenever he thought Fats would not notice.mayhap hell be faithful. Sherelles having a party on Saturday night. Shes invited him. Shes sworn she won t let him get up to anything. But shit, I wish She stared at the desk with her flecked eyes out of focus and Sukhvinder watched her humbly, marvelling at her good looks, lost in admiration for her life. The idea of having another world where you belonged completely, where you had a footballer boyfriend and a gang of cool, devote friends, seemed to her, even if you had been forcibly removed from it all, an awe-inspiring and enviable state of affairs.They locomoteed together to the shops at lunchtime, something Sukhvinder almost never did she and the Fairbrother twins usually ate in the canteen.As they hung about on the pavement outside the newsagents where they had bought sandwiches, they heard words uttered in a piercing scream.Your fucking mum killed my NanAll the Winterdown students gather by the newsagents looked around for the source of the shouting, puzzled, and Sukhvinder imitated them, as confused as everyone else. Then she spotted Krystal Weedon, who was standing on the o ther side of the road, pointing a stubby flick like a gun. She had four other girls with her, all of them strung along the pavement in a line, held back by the traffic.Your fucking mum killed my Nan Shes gonna get fucking done and so are youSukhvinders stomach seemed to melt clean away. People were staring at her. A couple of third-year girls scuttled out of sight. Sukhvinder sensed the bystanders nearby transforming into a watchful, eager pack. Krystal and her gang were dancing on tiptoes, waiting for a break in the cars.Whats she talking about? Gaia asked Sukhvinder, whose peach was so dry that she could not reply. There was no point in running. She would never make it. Leanne Carter was the fastest girl in their year. All that seemed to move in the world were the passing cars, giving her a few final seconds of safety.And then Jaswant appeared, accompanied by several sixth-year boys. All right, Jolly? she said. Whats up?Jaswant had not heard Krystal it was mere luck that she had drifted this way with her entourage. Over the road, Krystal and her friends had gone into a huddle.Nothing much, said Sukhvinder, dizzy with relief at her temporary reprieve. She could not tell Jaz what was happening in front of the boys. Two of them were nearly six feet tall. All were staring at Gaia.Jaz and her friends moved towards the newsagents door, and Sukhvinder, with an urgent look at Gaia, followed them. She and Gaia watched through the window as Krystal and her gang moved on, glancing back every few steps.What was that about? Gaia asked.Her great-gran was my mums patient, and she died, said Sukhvinder. She wanted to cry so much that the muscles in her throat were painful.Silly bitch, said Gaia.But Sukhvinders suppressed sobs were born not only from the shaky aftermath of fear. She had liked Krystal very much, and she knew that Krystal had liked her too. All those afternoons on the canal, all those journeys in the minibus she knew the anatomy of Krystals back and shoulder s better than she knew her own.They returned to school with Jaswant and her friends. The best-looking of the boys struck up a conversation with Gaia. By the time they had turned in at the gates, he was teasing her about her London accent. Sukhvinder could not see Krystal anywhere, but she spotted Fats Wall at a distance, loping along with Andrew Price. She would have known his shape and his walk anywhere, the way something primal inside you helped you recognize a spider moving across a shadowy floor.Wave upon wave of nausea rippled through her as she approached the school building. There would be two of them from now on Fats and Krystal together. Everyone knew that they were seeing each other. And into Sukhvinders mind dropped a vividly coloured picture of herself shed blood on the floor, and Krystal and her gang kicking her, and Fats Wall watching, laughing.Need the loo, she told Gaia. Meet you up there.She dived into the first girls bathroom they passed, locked herself in a cubic le and sat down on the closed seat. If she could have died if she could have disappeared for ever but the solid surface of things refused to dissolve around her, and her body, her hateful hermaphrodites body, continued, in its stubborn, lumpen way, to live She heard the doorbell for the start of afternoon lessons, jumped up and hurried out of the bathroom. Queues were forming along the corridor. She turned her back on all of them and marched out of the building.Other people truanted. Krystal did it and so did Fats Wall. If she could only get away and stay away this afternoon, she might be able to think of something to protect her before she had to go back in. Or she could walk in front of a car. She imagined it slamming into her body and her bones shattering. How quickly would she die, broken in the road? She still preferred the thought of drowning, of cool clean water move her to sleep for ever a sleep without dreams Sukhvinder? SukhvinderHer stomach turned over. Tessa Wall was hurrying towards her across the car park. For one mad moment Sukhvinder considered running, but then the futility of it overwhelmed her, and she stood waiting for Tessa to reach her, hating her, with her stupid plain face and her evil son.Sukhvinder, what are you doing? Where are you going?She could not even think of a lie. With a bleak gesture of her shoulders, she surrendered.Tessa had no appointments until three. She ought to have taken Sukhvinder to the office and reported her attempted flight instead, she took Sukhvinder upstairs to the guidance room, with its Nepalese wall-hanging and the posters for ChildLine. Sukhvinder had never been there before.Tessa spoke, and left inviting critical pauses, then spoke again, and Sukhvinder sat with sweaty palms, her gaze fixed on her shoes. Tessa knew her mother Tessa would tell Parminder that she had tried to truant but if she explained why? Would Tessa, could Tessa, intercede? Not with her son she could not control Fats, that was common knowledge. But with Krystal? Krystal came to guidance How bad would the beating be, if she told? But there would be a beating even if she did not tell. Krystal had been ready to set her whole gang on her anything happened, Sukhvinder?She nodded. Tessa said encouragingly, Can you tell me what it was?So Sukhvinder told.She was sure she could read, in the minute contraction of Tessas brow as she listened, something other than sympathy for herself. Perhaps Tessa was thinking about how Parminder might react to the news that her treatment of Mrs Catherine Weedon was being screamed about in the street. Sukhvinder had not forgotten to worry about that as she had sat in the bathroom cubicle, wishing for death. Or perhaps Tessas look of unease was reluctance to tackle Krystal Weedon doubtless Krystal was her favourite too, as she had been Mr Fairbrothers.A fierce, stinging sense of injustice burst through Sukhvinders misery, her fear and her self-loathing it swept aside that tangle of worries and terrors that encased her daily she thought of Krystal and her mates, waiting to charge she thought of Fats, whispering poisonous words from behind her in every maths lesson, and of the message that she had wiped off her Facebook page the previous eveningLes-bian-ism n. Sexual orientation of women to women. besides called Sapphism. A native or inhabitant of Lesbos.I dont know how she knows, said Sukhvinder, with the blood thrumming in her ears.Knows ? asked Tessa, her expression still troubled.That theres been a complaint about mute and her great-gran. Krystal and her mum dont talk to the rest of the family. Maybe, said Sukhvinder, Fats told her?Fats? Tessa repeated uncomprehendingly.You know, because theyre seeing each other, said Sukhvinder. Him and Krystal? Going out together? So maybe he told her.It gave her some bitter satisfaction to see every vestige of professional calm drain from Tessas face.

”Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen Essay

Pride and evil is a nineteenth century novel written by Jane Austen. As it is a popular novel it has been re do for telly and film several times. In this essay two media adaptions ar being analysed. The 1995 BBC classic drama of experience and Prejudice and a 2004 Bollywood version renamed Bride and Prejudice.The BBC reading of Pride and Prejudice is a period drama and has been made using the books storyline and text real stodgyly whereas the Bollywood reading has only faithfully adhered to the storyline and split stand been transformd to attract a new(a) audition. In addition to storyline, and text non changed in the BBC variant, costume, sustain and language argon all in keeping with the nineteenth century way of life. However the Bollywood adjustment uses costume, props and language from the Indian culture, this has up dated the film and as well keeps with the storyline of the book.Both adaptations come really different audiences they are trying to attract. Pr ide and Prejudice aims for older and more mature pot, an audience who are interested in period dramas and may have read the book. The Bollywood film, in time is aimed at younger audiences who may have not heard of Pride and Prejudice nor read the book. It has been changed into a romantic harlequinade romcom instead than a more serious look at the book. The use of the Indian culture and stead on trades unions is a demarcation line to the great deals in the nineteenth century.In both(prenominal) productions the main theme is marriage precisely they use different methods to represent it. The BBC version evinces how kins and marriage were in the 19th century, in contrast to this how many of the restrictions placed in the 19th century are still in practise in the Indian culture today, however, modernizes the story.In this essay the two media adaptations, (Pride and Prejudice and Bride and Prejudice), are going to be compared to direct how they have been adapted for screen. Three key exposures from both productions are going to be discussed and a get of factors to lay down how they have changes. The three pictures are* The Netherfield Ball* Mr collins/Kholi Arrival* Lydia/ well-disposed and Wickham relationshipThe Netherfield roll is the place in both adaptations where Darcy and Elizabeth/Lalita realise for the first time the two settings however are truly different. In the Bollywood version the setting very much reflects the Indian culture, it is colourful and brash. The atmosphere is hectic with practically of people talking, dancing, laughing and recessying. On the other hand the BBC version is more conventional with talking unplowed to minimum and the mood is soft, this is to try what an occasion in 19th century would have been homogeneous. The BBC excessively has kept to tradition and on that point are different rooms for occasions through show up, Bollywood have used an open disclose room to show the change in time and fashion.Th e camera shots in the scene change a lot. The BBC adaptation uses a birdseye view of the dancing and uses commodious shot, medium shot, close ups and point of view shot. This is to chip in a wide variation of the view of the ballroom and closer shots to see the actors facial expressions. In the Bollywood adaptation however they use only a few birdseye views of the dancing and more medium shots and point of view shots especially with Darcy and Lalitas dialogue, this shows us what the other person is feeling as they talk to one another(prenominal) and identify with the character. When Darcy is looking up at Lalita on the balcony and Lalita to Darcy on the ground the camera angle is pointed up and down, this gives the film a more dramatic look. Lighting also varies considerably in the two adaptations. In the Bollywood adaptation top luminance is used to brighten the room and give a party atmosphere, this changes in the scene with Darcy and Lalita on the balcony however and back ki ndling is mainly used. As the BBC adaptation is a period drama lighting is not as bright as the Bollywood effect, in that respect is more under lighting used from lamps and chandeliers. The heavy(a) in both adaptations is also clearly different, the BBC use classical sounds and people play instru manpowerts for music, and the music they leap to is soft and quite compared to the Bollywood sound. Instruments again produce the music only everyone sings which gives it more volume, they also use language to reflect their feelings.Both scenes have dancing involved moreover they are clearly different. The BBC has again stuck with handed-down dance, which has very repetitive dance moves and is slow. Also shown is how social etiquette is set out with the men only allowed to occupy women to dance and how it was very rude for them to refuse. Bollywood has changed this in its adaptation the dancing is traditional for Bollywood style, fast and very enthusiastic. The men start the dance w ith the women following later on, the women all walk down the balcony and tighten their saris before they dance to show they are ready. another(prenominal) difference amongst dances in Bollywood is the man and women dance towards each other rather than with each other, both of these points show how women now have more power than in the 19th century. The songs in Bollywood films offer meaning and feelings of the characters which the film hasnt got time to express, this is something used in Bollywood and has been included to reflect this.The colloquys that charge place between Darcy and Lalita and Darcy and Elizabeth are very different. In the BBC version Darcy and Elizabeth do not actually have a face-to-face conversation, he crystallises a very rude and cutting remark virtually her which she later makes light of with her friends. The conversation in the BBC adaptation is also very civilized and minimal but important, the conversation has not been changed from the book. Howeve r, in the Bollywood version Darcy tells Lalita how he thinks it is simpler to have an arranged marriage, she takes this the wrong way and thinks he way Indian women are simple. Lalita is very defensive towards him and tells him otherwise. This change made in the film is to display thoughts on Indian marriage and show the similarities it has with the original 19th century tradition. There is also a conversation which is both in the BBC and Bollywood adaptations of the novel, that of Mrs white avens/Bakshi. In the scenes she talks about marriage and wealth to friends, this conversation gives an brainstorm into the character already and has been included in the Bollywood adaptation because the characters are the a alike(p).The costumes in both productions are but the resembling for the time. The costumes also represent the characters. Darcy is uncomfortable but more so in the Bollywood version because he heapnot speak the language, cannot join in with the dancing and is a differ ent nationality. The Bingley sister conk outs modern and expansive dress, in the BBC version she wears feathers and gold je tumefyery. This has been changed in the Bollywood adaptation to the sister wearing designer labels, this equally shows the wealth but also the change in time. The Bennet/Bakshi sisters in both productions are not as monied as the Bingley sisters and this is visible in their clothes. In the BBC adaptation they do not wear feathers and the accessories are very simple likewise in the Bollywood adaptation they do not wear designer labels.In the scene the personalities of the characters are seen and they are quite similar in both adaptations. In the Bollywood adaptation Darcy is uncomfortable, however he also very rude in the BBC version. Elizabeth is lively, strong and defensive in both scenes, she also shows in the BBC adaptation when she makes light of Darcys comment about her. Bingley in both versions is charming and in Bollywood takes part in the dance unlik e Darcy. Mrs Bennet and Bakshi both talk about marriage and dont differ at all in the adaptations, as do the younger Bennet sisters they are sexy and playful. The key personality of the characters has not been changed at all and this is one way in which the Bollywood adaptation has stuck to the novel.The scene of Mr Collins/Kholis reach in both adoptions is changed in many ways. Transport that Mr Collins/Kholi arrives in is very different, in the Bollywood adaptation Mr Kholi arrives in a taxi whereas in the BBC adaptation Mr Collins arrives in a carriage. This change shows the change in times and the change of country. The setting is also different and reflects the change in times and country, Mr Collins arrives out side the Bennets house in the Bennets realm which has gardens and gravel walkways, Mr Kholi however, arrives on a dusty Indian street and the Bakshis do not own any res publica round them. This to show how the Bakshis live compared to the Bennets.In terms of camera shots Mr Collins/Kholis arrival is quite the alike, the camera use medium and long shots to show both characters arriving and point of view shots from the families and Mr Collins/Bakshis view. Both adaptations also use close up shots of the sisters smileing at Mr Collins/Kholi, this involves the audience in the amusement they find in Mr Collins/Kholi. Lighting is different in the scenes though, Mr Collins arrives in sidereal day at the Bennets and toplighting is used to give a pleasant atmosphere. In the Bollywood adaptation they are inside and the lighting is darker but again toplighting is used. There are no songs or music in the scenes of Mr Collins/Kholi arriving there is only he and the families talking, however in both films sound effects are used. In the BBC adaptation the carriage arriving and in the Bollywood adaptation the Indian street, these sound effects add to the atmosphere and setting of the arrival.Another adaptation that has been made is the costume. Mr Collins wears formal dress which is the clothes which would be worn in the 19th century. The style of his clothes are also a representation of him, he is a clergyman and a very plain man. Mr Kholis clothes are stylish, bold and very up to date, and this represents his character very well. Mr Kholi is self-confident, loud man and does not realise often what he is saying or how he offends people, the clothes also represent his break away from the Indian culture and living in the States. As well as the costumes reflecting their characters the audience can also see what the characters are like. In the BBC adaptation Mr Collins is a religious and traditional man, Mr Kholi however has turned his back on his Indian culture and moved to America for a better life. There are some parts of the Mr Collins character that are the same in the Bollywood adaptation in the same way as the BBC adaptation. Both Mr Collins and Mr Kholi look down to the Bennets/Bakshis, they think they are better than them. In Mr Collins case this is because he will inherit the Bennets estate and Mr Kholis because he has more money and a better life than the Bakshis, they are both acrid characters.The Bollywood adaptation has also changed the conversation of Mr Kholi compared to Mr Collins. When Mr Collins arrives he uses his language to make himself look smart, he uses solid and intelligent words, which are incorrect. Alternatively Mr Kholi brags about his wealth and lifestyle, he also has inappropriate conversations and is very out spoken. Greetings in the two adaptations are also different too, Mr Collins greets people formally and there is no touching or hugging, this reflects the social etiquette of the 19th century instead of the informal hugs Mr Kholi gives.In both adaptations there are similarities and differences in the mannerisms of Mr Collins and Mr Kholi. Mr Collins uses formal language and, as mentioned before, incorrect in the mount intelligent words. This is unlike Mr Kholi who uses casu al language and does not realise what he says sometimes offends people. In the same way Mr Collins eats using social etiquette and Mr Kholi eats with his detention and mouth open, Mr Kholi also uses his hands when he talks. These changes show equally how the character is offensive but in different ways and in different circumstances. A similarity however, is that Mr Collins/Kholi feel they are more important than certain people and this shows when they both sit at the head of the table at the meal with the Bennets/Bakshis.As well as the mannerisms of Mr Collins/Kholi presenting similarities and differences, peoples reactions to Mr Collins/Kholi do too. Both of the eldest sisters in the Bennets/Bakshis smirk at each other when he says things and tries to boast about his life, this shows they are sensitive and intelligent luxuriant to realise how stupid Mr Collins/Kholi is. Mr Bennet/Bakshi realises this too but expresses his amusement in different ways. Mr Bennet makes sarcastic com ments towards Mr Collins to show him up but Mr Collins does not understand, Mr Bakshi however uses facial expressions to make fun of him. This reflects the characters of Mr Bennet and Mr Bakshi, Mr Bennet takes a more serious approach where Mr Bakshi uses childish gestures. Furthermore Bollywood has also made a change with the reaction of Darcy when he meets Mr Kholi. In the BBC adaptation Mr Collins introduces himself to Darcy and talks about his self, Darcy walks away and ignores him in contrast, Darcy is introduced to Mr Kholi and does not ignore him. As shown by Mr Bennet and Mr Bakshi this is a reflection of Darcys characters, Darcy in the BBC adaptation is confident enough to be able to walk away but Darcy in the Bollywood adaptation is not, as he is a country he does not know he is polite to everyone. The reaction of people towards Mr Collins/Kholi reveals a lot about his character he is someone who tries to be popular by knowing everyone and likes to be well thought of.One r elationship, which has been adapted and changed considerably, is the Lydia/Lucky relationship. sufficient for Bollywood are a number of scenes where the main action takes place. In the BBC adaptation the scenes take place later on Wickham and Lydia have eloped and are living in a grotty bedsit, this has changed for Bollywood and is replaced by scenes in public places e.g. fairground, cinema and the main scene where Lucky and Wickham go out for the day in London. The scene has been changed for Bollywood because Lucky and Wickham are not actually together yet and it is the lead up for Lucky finding out at long last who Wickham really is after pursuit by Darcy and Lalita. This change has been made for the peach to look at their relationship in two different ways, in the BBC adaptation Lydia and Wickham have to stay in bedsit which is cold form luxury, this shows how their relationship is very shameful in the 19th century. In contrast to this Lucky and Wickham meet at very public p laces, their relationship seems very open and would not be seen wrong in the public nor the attestors eye, but the viewer understands Wickham is a bad man.The use of media effects in both adaptations is strong. The camera effects in both adaptations are similar, in the BBC adaptation medium shots and close ups are used to give the viewer a more intimate view of Lydia and Wickham. It shows shots of Lydia running around the bedsit and close ups of Wickhams facial expressions to the viewer to tell them he is not happy about the situation. In the Bollywood adaptation the camera plays a very important part in the chase that occurs between Wickham, Lucky, Lalita and Darcy. The camera use close ups and medium shots of the couples, and glances between the two parties. It also uses close ups of Wickham glancing back to see if they are still being chased. The camera follows Lucky and Wickham but blurs out the background to give the viewer an impression of how easily it would be to lose them in a crowd. The lighting effect in the BBC adaptation gives the atmosphere of a dark room and uses underlighting, the only available light source the viewer can see is the daylight coming through the window. Two different types of lighting is used in the Bollywood adaptation however, the first toplighting used in the chase to create a bright, modern setting for the viewer. This contrast however when Lucky and Wickham go into the cinema, the lighting is backlighting from the cinema screen and also presents to the audience that Wickham is trying to hide.Costume has also been changed considerably, the BBC adaptation use typical dress for the 19th century but change it from formal wear to very inappropriate wear in the bedsit. Lydia wears a nightdress and Wickham stays in his uniform but un-tucked his shirt and his boots are undone, this is to represent the seediness of their relationship and how wrong it was in the 19th century. Lucky and Wickham are the same in that Lucky tries to reb el against her Indian culture, like the rules set out in the 19th century, in the scene where Lucky and Lydia meet in London she wears tight jeans and a cropped top and makes no effort to show her Indian roots. Wickham also wears clothes that are very casual and he looks like a traveller, this is in contrast to Darcys clothes which are smart, and reveals that Wickham may not be the trade good character as seen by Lalita and Lucky. The costumes in both adaptations have been translated to represent the character in the same way but to show the change in different cultures and times. Lydia and Lucky wear clothes seen as normal and traditional but try to show their flirty ways by tighter clothes but in other scenes they rebel completely. In Lydias case she wears a very inappropriate nightdress and Lucky wears modern, tight clothes. It is the same for Wickham too Wickham is always put in as the opposite of Darcy who is very formal unlike Wickham who wears an officer uniform or traveller s clothes, this is also to show Wickham is not like Darcy and a bad character. Bollywood have adapted Wickham to become a traveller to be a modern representation of the BBC Wickham who becomes an officer because he has no money.In the scenes of Lydia/Lucky and Wickham the audience can see a lot about their character. Lydia and Lucky both are flirtatious, young girls who are unaware of consequences of their actions this is displayed through Lydias obsession of the officers and her elopement and Lydia through her constant attention seeking of Wickham. Wickham also plays the handsome man well in both adaptations, his rough look in contrast to Darcy should also tell the viewer he is not as he seems.There are many things left out of the Bollywood adaptation that are in the BBC one. In the Bollywood adaptation we see Lucky and Wickham develop a relationship and meet up on occasions, this does not happen with the BBC as Lydia and Wickham, by chance, meet in Brighton and make a quick decisi on. This is to show the change in times and controversy of what Lydia and Wickham did, also it is not believable that Lucky and Wickham would have at rest(p) to London on just one meeting. The chase of lucky and Wickham also adds to the tension and thrill for the audience, this makes the viewer think, will they be caught?There is also one major difference between the BBC and Bollywood adaptation, the ending. In the BBC adaptation Darcy pays Wickham to Marry Lydia and therefore not bringing shame on the Bennets, in the Bollywood adaptation Wickham and Lydia are caught by Darcy and Lalita and Wickham is seen for the real man he is. This has been changed for the Bollywood adaptation for the happy ending that happens in Bollywood films, it would not be but like a Bollywood film if Lucky ended up with the bad man and not be happy.In conclusion the BBC and Bollywood adaptations of Pride and Prejudice have been made very differently. The title of the Bollywood adaptation has been changed to Bride and Prejudice to reflect the difference in the Indian culture, the main personality of the characters have stayed the same in both adaptations, costumes have been changed to reflect the difference in cultures and times yet kept so the characters traits can be seen, the contrast in settings shows the different countries and a different way in life and the change in the storyline reflects the difference in times, countries and culture.The setting of the story has been changed as the film wants to show the restrictions on 19th century marriage still coincide with the Indian view on marriages today, the characters traits were kept the same to show how they could be brought into the present day but changed slightly in their costumes, mannerisms and they way people see them. As the characters are represented through their costumes, the wealth of the families is too, the costumes have been changed in the Bollywood adaptation to traditional Indian costumes but they show the contra st to the expensive clothes of the Balraj sister compared to the Bakshi sisters. This is also the same for the Bingley sister and Bennet sisters in the BBC adaptation.I preferred the Bollywood adaptation. This is because it is not as serious as the BBC adaptation it is more vibrant, colourful and loud. The render and dancing breaks up the film and the comedy also puts more life into the story. The BBC adaptation is too long and does not keep my attention as much as the other. Another reason why I preferred the Bollywood adaptation was the costumes and new surroundings, the Indian culture is very bold and this made it more pleasurable to watch.