Environmental Issues in Malaysia

Environmental Issues in Malaysia1 INTRODUCTION in that location has been a very last level of restore on purlieual issues homowide nowadays. Ministry of foreign aff propagates statistic shows that over the forms, the temperature has been rise because of carbon dioxide trap and thous house gases contrive pertained the global climate. This change exit affect the tribe live but over the earthly concern. This alike includes portal to wet, health, food and the soundly being of the surround. Todays, many a(prenominal) consumers started to true(a)ize that their purchasing manner actually pull up stakes cause a big impact to the milieu. Therefore, companies should work offering environmentally friendly proceedss and service to tribe to pr blusht this world become worse.Therefore, companies should practice offering environmentally friendly intersections and service to people to prevent this world become worse.Although, Malaysia has underg whizz an excellent tuiti on fol low ge atomic number 18d governmental efforts to bring in foreign investor to come and invest for a chiliad out(p)put information in Malaysia, the practices of environmental answerable fashion atomic number 18 still low among Malaysian consumers.An example of the lack of environmental responsible way is sh deliver in an article in Bernama whereby garb progress thrown by one of the bring up in Malaysia residents is the main cause of river pollution in the state. tally to a survey which was conducted on line by global market cleverness and information aggroup, on the aspect of eco-friendliness of habits and behaviors only 8% of Malaysian respondents responded that they fuck off changed their behavior in a greatest deal to improvement the environment.In addition 83% respondents reported that their views on a conjunctions and their Colleges friendliness to the environment would bring their demoralises of crossroads and service. occupying the determinants of coevals-Y consumers jet plane get behavior imparting be definitely benefit super C marketers. Generation-Y ( as head as get laidn as a millennial) is define as A label attributed to people born during the 1980s and first 1990s. Members of Generation Y be often referred to as echo boomers because they ar the children of p atomic number 18nts born during the baby boom (baby boomers). Because children born during this time period pick up had constant access to technology (computers, cell phones) in their y tabuh, they exhaust postulate many employers to update their hiring strategy in fellowship to incorporate updated forms of technology. In a simple word, generation-Y grew up with a technology and relies on those matters to perform their job and their task.In addition, when going done with(predicate) a literature check up on in Malaysian context, there argon still a faulting existed between environmental familiarity, intention and behavior towards leafy vege table harvesting. Said et al. (2005). Even though people that bugger off vast companionship astir(predicate) ballpark products are non necessarily would acquire a squirt product.Therefore, factors those line up and affect Generation-Y to purchase a green product would be worth to run crosswise out.1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCHEnvironment is defined as what surrounds a thing or an item or in contrary words it content the surrounding. It could be a physical element which is physical environment, that includes the built environment, innate(p) environment much(prenominal) as air, water, land, atmosphere and etc or it could be serviceman environment where people surrounding the item or thing which alike known as the friendly environment. Today environment is getting trounce and worst. Many environmental issues arise. Environmental concerns have been growing in juvenile years. One of the examples of environmental issue is global warm. Global warming and climate ch ange refer to an increase in average global temperatures. innate(p) events and human activities such as burning garbage and barren are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused to begin with by increases in nursery gases such as Carbon Dioxide. The greenhouse effect keeps the earth warm when kneading averageally. For the first time in history, human activities are altering the climate of our entire planet. According to (Jack, 2010), in little than 2 centuries, humans have increased the total heart and soul of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by 25% from the burning of fossil fuels and the destruction of forests. In addition to the rude(a) fluxes of carbon through the hide system, human activities, exceptionally fossil fuel burning and deforestation, are withal releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (The Carbon Cycle the Human Role, farming Observatory, NASA). car park product is define as a product that give away tr ammel carbon footprints they whitethorn require fewer resources to produce, consume less energy or emit fewer hazardous emissions.Green product is in any case a product that is non toxic, water-efficient, and also recycl able-bodied and biodegradable. There are many green products that have been produce for people in the market. For example, a household cleaner. Nowadays its nearly impossible to go shopping without shoe functionrs last a plethora of products that claim to be environmentally and consumer friendly. Oddly enough, many cheap and eco-friendly substances, such as vinegar, have been used for years as home cleaners. Whether you buy a green cleaning product at a store or use manything on hand in your pantry, you prat reap the benefits of choosing products that are gentler on you and the environment. Phosphate-free dishwasher and airstream detergents are also consider a green product because they do not discharge environment-damaging phosphates into waterways. Other ex amples of green cleaning products are those labeled sensible biodegradable these have passed several stringent tests relating to biodegrad talent and environmental impact conducted by an self-governing certifying agency. According to Consumer Reports, the certified biodegradable label is more(prenominal) significant than a general biodegradable label. Glass and metal cleaners, kitchen and bathroom cleaners, and laundry detergents are products that force carry this label.The rationale for going green is twofold. Clearly, the verifying do on the environment are a key number one wood for purchasing green product.Green product bears myriad environmental benefits. They can replace toxic materials that may be harmful to people or animals. Also, whatever products save energy and water, mend early(a)s limit solid yearn and manufacturing releases. Green products create a healthier environment for people through reduced exposure to cleaners, solvents, paints and other hazardous substances. Green product also can reduce allergies. Many families find that their children are suffering from allergies, even though their family history does not necessary say that there are no allergies. In some situations, chemicals found within cleaning products deliver allergens. Bl all(prenominal)es, toxic cleaning sprays and other chemicals used to clean the home normally contain a variety of ingredients specifically able to cause or trigger allergies in people.Generation Y are the cool generation, they get the picture brand and live in the naked as a jaybird world of digitize communication. frankincense that might be interesting to find their science and their level of sentience towards environmental issues that the world is facing nowadays. Gen Y has grown up in a very structure, busy and over planned world. Also, Gen Y is do up of confident, optimistic young people who feel valued and wanted. In a article of science daily, Gen-Y is a people that pull up stakes go a ll the way when it comes to saving the environment as long as it benefit to world economic and environment. They are maturing into a pragmatic generation that wants to do the right thing for the environment but also has real economic concerns1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTConsumers or practically customers are the sellers and buyers that go on the countrys economy. Therefore, many firms are actually putting many efforts in consecrate to attract more customers because these customers create businesses opportunities and generate profits to them. As the world nowadays facing so many businesss regarding to an environmental issue, the consumers and their attitudes or behaviors to purchase a green product are the important factors to be considered. Consumers nowadays have more choices out-of-pocket to the effects of globalization. They lead privilege the function of the product rather than the brand or whatsoever to ensure a healthier future.To pose the current level of Gen-y consumers per ceptiveness towards the green products.To determine what are the determinants or factors of Gen-y consumer preferences towards the green product.To determine the consequences or effects of Gen-y consumer preferences towards the green product.To determine consumer level of ken of Gen-y consumer towards green product.1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE sense towards environmental issue that the world nowadays facing play a major(ip) role encourage people to purchase a green product. Thus, this study is attempts to relate on the various variable stars that influence consumer curiously generation-Y to purchase a green product. The objectives are as the followingTo study the factors affecting the consumer especially Gen-Y to purchase green product.Gen-y is a new generation and It is critical to understand as they are more advance and modernize. Thus, several explorees have been conducted in order to understand consumers in a way that how they behave, and what are the factors that cause them to b ehave or react to the responses of the products. Leading factors such as price and step are unendingly the top concerns to the consumers. Product attributes get out defy the effects of price on quality judgments. Partial of the consumers may focus on purchasing low prices greats and neglect the quality of the products. This group of consumers takes the price as a measure of sacrifice. For instance, consumers take the price served as the benchmark for comparing utility gains from the quality of the product. One the other hand, some portion of the consumers will be willing to conduct a indemnity price for the quality and function of the products, as they are very irritable to the signals of the quality of one product. Thus, it is anticipate that this study will contribute further to the understanding of factors of price and quality that may lead to the consumers prefer for a green productTo understand the awareness level of people around Go Green tally.Nowadays, there are many environmental extend have been organized by a government and private sector. This campaign is aim to encourage people to more concern about the environment. Thus, it is hope that this study will explore how people react to a environmental campaign and what is their level of awareness about the awareness campaign.To examine the benefit for people involvement in Go Green program.We might be asking, how we will benefit from getting involved in this environmental campaign. Well, tardily there has been an increase in events directly related to the availability of intrinsic resources. For example energy shortages that resulted to load shedding, change in weather patterns and water shortages. As a result, civil society is recognizing the pauperism to manage our natural resources more effectively and responsibly. In doing so, we can ensure positive effects on our health, quality of liveness and even the speak to of living. Thus, this study will help people to getting known more about what they will gain if they participate in the environmental campaign.To discover what consumer perception towards green product.In curiosity to identify what are the main components or criteria that consumer especially gen-Y are looking forward in order to purchase a green product. It is true that each and both one of us are special and unique in the way we are, thus, every consumer has their very own perception in purchasing a green product. Different people from different settings may have different perceptions on these products. In addition to that, different demographic groups may have different perceptions to this kind of product as well. Thus, this study will help to identify whether the consumer especially gen-y prefer to buy a green product or not to in effect(p) a mother of earth.1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYThis study is crucial as there are a lot of green products have been exchange nowadays. Obviously, when we talk about green product, the price for that particular item might be so expensive. The study on factors affecting consumer especially Gen-Y purchasing a green product may allow us to know in depth why are previous efforts taken does not produce as it is thought it would be. Based on the study conducted, wants towards the environment, knowledge on green product, social norm, awareness and self-image have an impact on the consumer especially Gen-Y buying a green product. Government may need to enhance its program in educating people green product. New and more interesting Go Green program and method is a definite necessity in motivating people to increase their interest/awareness on a green product and indirectly motivates them to purchase it.1.5 mountain chain OF STUDYThe research focus on students in Multimedia University (MMU) Melaka campus and teenagers from away the campus which comes from various demographic backgrounds such as the faculty, ethnicity and nationality. The focused respondents are a great resemblance on the exact population in Malaysia.1.6 organisational OF RESEARCH1.6.1 Chapter 1 IntroductionRegarding this chapter, it introduce the background of this research such as why do people as a consumer buy a green product. Thus, this will create a strong preference among the gen-y consumers locally and abroad to consume and purchase green products. These sections will formulate in expatiate in the of consumers preferences from the Malaysian post and as well from the global view for green products. This chapter also recognized the problem narration and the research objectives for this research. Finally, the justification of the research will help to justify the benefits and those who will gain in this research.Chapter 2 publications ReviewA constitutional study will be conducted on the leechlike variable and indie variables. The main purpose for this chapter is to weigh the pros and cons of the topic and to discuss in details on the ideas and knowledge concerned. In this chapter, every defi nition of the dependent variable and nonsymbiotic variables will be cited from the journals in order to strengthen every point mentioned. Several of arguments and various points of views from different authors in order to provide a stronger formation of each point can be founded in this chapter. In addition to that, this chapter explains the relationships on several independent variables relate to the dependent variables.1.6.2 Chapter 3 Research methodological analysisResearch methodology is usually conducted later on the innate study of literature review. In this chapter, suppositious framework will be form to illustrate the relationships between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Hypotheses or a proposed explanation which were made on the basis of limited evidences will explain the relationships between two or more variables. all in all the hypotheses stated will be tested together with empirical info. This chapter also includes the description of the sam pling data, data collections and as well as the development of the questionnaire for this research.Chapter 4 Data AnalysisAfter questionnaires are collected from all the respondents, then few tests will be conducted to test on the hardness and reliability of the results. The responds of the questionnaires from the respondents are represented by a set of metrical composition that symbolize their own significant representings. Whereas the tests that will be carry out are to analyze the responses from the respondents so that it will derive to a stronger conclusion at the end of this research.Chapter 5 ConclusionThis chapter will provide the final examination outcome of this research. Thus, the final results will be explained and we will be able to identify how the exact hypotheses that formed earlier are hold.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Environmental quality in MalaysiaAccording to report from division of Environment Malaysia, 2006, Malaysia experienced a short period of slig ht to moderate haze due to trans-boundary pollution from neighboring countries. The air quality condition in different states differed according to the geographical locations, the industrial and commercial activities, be areas and the traffic conditions. During that period, Klang Valley area in Malaysia was more prone to air pollution than any other areas and the air quality was only good 23% of the time, moderate 70% of the time and the remaining 7% at an unhealthy level.As a developing country, Malaysia faced great gainsay in ensuring a balance between development and environmental sustainability. urban air and river quality, deforestation, household waste and hazardous waste are some of the serious and worrying environmental problems faced by the country According to The Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010) report, Malaysian government allocated RM510 million for cleaning, preserving and beautifying rivers RM530 million for coastal management RM200 million for reforestation and ano ther RM70 million for the management of wildfire and defend areas to ensure environmental sustainability and resource management. In a global environment article stated that, Solid waste is one of the three major environmental problems in Malaysia. It plays a significant role in the ability of Nature to sustain life within its capacity. Currently, over 23,000 tonnes of waste is produced each day in Malaysia. However, this amount is expected to rise to 30,000 tonnes by the year 2020. The amount of waste generated continues to increase due to the increasing population and development, and only less than 5% of the waste is being recycled.Rivers represent the lease of life which pulses through the earth. It is a finite and only source of water. In Malaysia, there are almost 1800 rivers. Sadly, more than half of these rivers have been polluted and destroyed. illicit solid waste management contributes greatly to river pollution. Improper solid waste management also contributes to climat e change decomposing waste produces methane and production of new products to meet demand emits greenhouse gases and utilizes natural resources. Therefore, a shift towards more sustainable consumption patterns is needed.2.1.1 Concern of environmentThere are many reasons and factors that affect consumer especially Gen-Y to buy a green product. According toMostafa (2007), green purchase behavior or environmental friendly buying behavior is the consumption of products that are beneficial to the environment, recyclable or conservable, Sensitive and antiphonal to ecological concerns. Concern for the environment is perceived to be important in encouraging consumer to participate in green program and also buying a green product. Research finding suggest that, moral concerns determine several curtailment behaviors (Goldstein et al., 2008 Hage et al., 2009). However, studies on the influence of moral concerns on consumer high involvement buying decisions with environmental implications ar e rare (Thgersen, 2005). This is a problem since overlooking an influential determinant might hinder or look into successful diffusion of environmentally friendlier products and innovations. Consumer identify environmental protection as a priority for governmental policies and this interest has led to an increase in honorable production-for both consumer and non-consumer products (Finisterra do Paoet al., 2009). Sensitivity to environmental issues shifts consumer behavior towards supporting the growth and diffusion of green merchandising and ecologically-conscious consumer behavior including consumer preference for greener firms, increase in demand for greener products. (Alsmadi, 2008 Finisterra do Pacao et al.,2009) found that great awareness of environmental problems, increased media coverage, impact of major industrial disasters on public opinion, and the rise of pressure group activities are among the factors driving environmental concerns.2.2 Green tradeGrant, John.(2008)de fine the green as a brand that that offers a significant eco-advantage over the incumbents and which hence appeals to those who are willing to making green a high priority. Soonthonsmai (2008) defined a green marketing as the activities that have been taken by firms that are really concern about the environment or green problems by delivering the environmentally sound goods or services to create consumers and societys satisfaction. Other definitions of green marketing as proposed by marketing scholars include social marketing, ecological marketing or environmental marketing. Harrison (2008) proposed green marketing strategy by firms through positioning the environmental benefits of green products to consumers mindset to influence their purchasing decision. Peatitie (2007) and Welford (2000) defined green marketing as the management process responsible for identifying and satisfying the requirements of customers and society in a profitable and sustainable way. In reality, companies t hat pursue green marketing encounter numerous challenges mainly from the variability of demand, un-favorable consumer perception and high cost (Gurau and Ranchhod, 2008). The most key concern lies in an understanding of green consumers and their characteristics amd will help firm to enable and to develop a new object and segmentation strategies (DSouza et al., 2008). Dwyer (2009) defined green as the products to be designed, commercialized, and used which are capable of reducing sources of pollution and minimizing risks to human health and the environment. On the other hand, there are product sector specic examples of research on green buying process, such as food and household products (Vantomme et al., 2005) and frock (Shaw et al., 2006)2.2.1 Consumer preference on green productThe dependent variable in this study is the factor that affecting consumer preferences for green products. Everyone in this Earth, play a major role as a consumer. Consumers are the main factors that tra mp a countrys economy. Each and every consumer has their very own perspective and preferences towards what they consume. Consumer from different demographic factors such as background and society may influence their behavior in making decisions while to purchase products. Thus, it is undeniable that consumers preferences and their perspective towards goods and services are hard to predict.DSouzaet al.(2006a)found out in their research that consumers perception of green products did not influence by criteria such as promotion, label and ingredient of a product. The important finding fromDSouzaet al.(2006b)was that green consumers would deposit more on their personal experience in using the product rather than evaluate a green product base on marketers provided information. Interestingly, this finding however contradicts to DSouza, Taghian and Lambs finding they found that consumers are getting environmental information from labels before deciding to purchase a green product. It is mean that, label are important to capture consumer impression to buy a green product.The importance of consumers has lead to many researches to be conducted in order to study on their behavior and attitudes towards what they perceived on the products. Barr and Gilg (2006) was found that green purchasing behavior was the least popular activity alongside activities such as recycling and habitual household activities. However, not surprisingly, green consumers do consider environmental factors when purchasing products, but engaged more frequently in activities such as switching off lights and recycling report card (daily activities). Wheale and Hinton (2007) suggested that amongst the population of green consumers there is a hierarchy of importance of honest drivers in the purchase decision-making process. The environment was rated as the most important ethical driver during purchasing decisions. The finding fromDSouzaet al.(2006a)was if product is get off in quality, consumers wou ld not have intention to buy green products even though they were always reading labels. Furthermore, if product is more expensive, consumers might have intention to buy green products. Therefore,DSouzaet al.(2006b)concluded from their study that consumers were not compromised to lower product quality. However,Rashid (2009)in his study stated that eco label is an important factor that would enable consumers to make the right purchase choice if faced with a situation that required their consideration of the environmental impact on a product that they longing to purchase.2.3 cognition and attitude towards environment and green productKnowledge and attitude towards environment are very important to influcence consumer especially Gen-Y To buy a green product. There is a general belief among the researchers and environmental activists that through purchasing environmentally friendly products or green products, products with recyclable packaging or properly disposing of non-biodegradable garbage, consumers can contribute significantly to improve the quality of the environment (Abdul-Muhmim, 2007). The quality of the environment depends critically on the level of knowledge, attitudes, set and practices of consumers (Mansaray and Abijoye, 2005). Attitudes are the most consistent explanatory factor in predicting consumers willingness to pay for green products (Chyong et al., 2006). This means that price is not the main factor in preventing consumers from purchasing green products if they are pro-environment. Researcher also found that Influencing consumer conduct is a complex and difficult task requiring knowledge of its determinants. The most persuade support of the growing influence of the ecologically-friendly consumer is the increase in the number of individuals that are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products (Bang et al., 2005).2.4 Social norm and value perception influence consumer to buy green product.Studies have also investigated the effe ct social influence has affect consumer especially Gen-Y purchase green product.The interest in green initiatives is not expected to emanate only from external impositions and inducements but also from the internal sense of responsibility of a firm towards the society in which it exists. For green issues, such sensitivity is intensify by increasing environmental problems such as global warming and pollution. Such problems may also raise awareness and interest of a firm to behave in a more socially responsible manner and reflect an image of due diligence and commitment to sustainability. Green purchasing is primarily motivated by a certain stagecoach of consumer ecological consciousness. Frey and Stutzer (2006) identify a number reasons behind environmental motivation intrinsic motivations, altruism, internalized norms and social norms.Social norms lead individuals to take into consideration the opinions of the other members of society when choosing a green product over another if they think that their acquaintances approve of green product purchase and disapprove of standard product purchase, there are encouraged to buy green products. (Ewing, 2005) stated that social norms are an important motivator of ecologically responsible behaviour. The strength of the prescriptive influence of the consumers family and social groups on purchasing decisions depends on the characteristics of the product (e.g. luxuriousness rather than a necessity).Value perception is the conception one has of oneself. Study in marketing influence on consumer purchase decision on green product, value perception was influencing green behaviours. This agrees to Lee(2008) finding value perception as the third predictor of her study. Apart from behavioral aspects, numerous studies have also looked at the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic variables and purchase green product involvement. Kinnear, T. and Taylor, J. (1973) stated that there has been no signicant unify found b etween demographic segmentation and green purchase. This could be due to the notion that different groups of people relate to different parts of the environmental agenda Peattie, K. (1995). There have been contradictory results of younger and older age groups concerns about environmental issues Peattie, K. (1995). There is, however, a belief that environmental concern is directly related to a consumers level of education Balderjahn, I. (1988). Based on four surveys, Hines et al. found no relationship with gender.Chapter 3 Research Methodology3.1 OverviewMethodology is a system of methods used in a particular research. Research methodology normally comes after defining the problems and completing the thorough of the literature review. Research methodology which has been implemented to collect, investigate and as well as interpreting data obtained for the testing of the hypothesis will be discussed. Theoretical framework will be formed in this chapter in order to illustrate the relati onships in between the dependent variable and independent variables. Besides that, hypotheses were developed and will be discussed together with the explanations in concomitant with the dependent variable and the independent variables. On top of that, plans of the sampling method, data collection methods and as well as the development of the questionnaires are include in this chapter. Finally, the data analysis and the hypotheses testing will carry out to analyze the responses from the respondents so that it will derive to a stronger conclusion at the end of this research.3.2 Theoretical materialFigure 3.1 below illustrates a theoretical framework that shows the relationships in between the dependent variable and the independent variables.KnowledgeCountryFactors affecting Gen-y consumer in Malaysia buying a green productAttitudeSocial NormValue Perception3.3 Explanation of FrameworkThe preferences of consumers for green products are subjective. Consumer from different demographic factors such as background and society may influence their behavior in making decisions while to purchase products. Whether they have a greater of favor to green products or to ordinary products are just hard to predict. Thus, it is undeniable that consumers preferences and their perspective towards goods and services are hard to predict. The importances of consumers have lead to many researches to be conducted in order to study on their behavior and attitudes towards what they perceived on the products.The knowledge, which is one of the factors that might cause preferences for consumers to make purchases for green products. The first thing that came across consumers mind is the brands and firms that produce a green product. Thus, the brand image of the company has help by providing hints to the consumers in summarizing the information from that certain product. According to Grunert (1993), knowledge of the benefits of a green products use on the environment may have an impact on wh ether or not that product is purchased and used. Besides that, consumers also prefer to purchase a green product with a lower cost.The attitude is another most influential factor in consumer preferences for green products. Consumers normally are not really aware about our environment issue nowadays. It is because they get less information regarding to our environment situation. Awareness towards our enviro